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page 1 RFM92W/93w RFM92W/93w - low power l o ng range t ransceiver module v1.0 general description th e RFM92W/93w t r a n sceiv e r s f e atu re t he lor a tm lon g r a n g e mo d e m th at pr ov ide s ult r a - lon g r a ng e s p r e a d s p ect r um c o mm u nicatio n a n d hi g h i n t e rfe r e n c e immu ni t y whilst m i n i mi s ing c ur r e nt c o n s u mp ti o n. using hope rf ? s p a ten t ed lor a tm mo d u la t ion t e c hn iq u e RFM92W/93w ca n achi e v e a s e nsi tivity of over - 137.5 dbm using a low c o s t cry s t al and bill of materials. the high s ensiti v ity c ombined with the i n t e g r ate d + 20 db m p ower amplifi er yields industry lea d ing link budget making it optimal for a n y applicati o n r e q u iring range or robustness. lor a tm also provid e s sig n ifica n t adva n t a g e s in both blocking an d s e lectivit y ove r c o nve n t i o na l m od u latio n t e c h niq u es, s o lvin g t he t r a d iti o n al d e si gn c o mp r o mi s e b e tw e e n r a ng e, inte r f e r e nc e imm u nit y a n d e n e r g y c o nsum p ti o n. th e s e d e vic e s also s u pp o r t h i g h p e r f o r m an ce ( g ) f sk modes for systems including wmbus, ieee80 2 .15.4g. the RFM92W/93w deliv e r exc e ptio n a l pha s e noise, selectivit y , re c ei v er linea rity and iip3 f o r s ignificantly lo w er current c o nsu m ptio n th an c o mp e ti ng d e vices. key product fe a t ures ? lora tm m o d e m. ? 1 57. 5 db m a ximu m lin k b u dg e t. ? + 2 0 dbm - 1 00 m w c o ns t an t r f o u t p ut v s . v s u p p l y . ? +1 4 dbm hig h e f ficie n c y p a. ? p r og r a m ma ble bi t rat e up t o 3 0 0 kb p s. ? high s ensitivity: do w n to - 137.5 dbm. ? bullet - proof fro n t en d: iip 3 = - 1 2. 5 db m wit h fsk. ? 100 db b l ocking immunit y . ? l o w rx current of 10 m a , 100 na register retention. ? f u lly integrated synthesizer with a r e solution of 61 hz. ? f s k, gfsk, ms k , gm s k, lor a tm and o o k modulation. ? buil t - in b it s yn c h r o n iz e r f o r clo c k r e c o v e r y . ? sync w ord recognition. ? p r ea m bl e d etecti o n. ? 1 2 7 db dyna m i c ran g e rssi. ? au t omatic rf sen s e with ultra - fa s t af c . ? packet engine up to 64 bytes with crc. ? b u ilt - in tem p e r atu re s e nso r a n d l ow b a tt e r y i n dicato r . ? module size 16*16mm . applic a tions ? au t omated meter reading. ? home and b uilding automation. ? wir e l e ss ala r m a n d s e c u rity sy s t e m s . ? in d ustria l m o nito ri n g a n d co n t r o l RFM92W/93w t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 2 RFM92W/93w t able of conten t s section page 1. g eneral descrip t ion . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .... 10 1.1. simplified block diagram . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 10 1.2. product v ersions .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 1 1 1.3. pin diagram . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 11 1.4. pin des c ription .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 1 2 2. electrical characteri s tics . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 13 2.1. esd notice . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 13 2.2. absolu t e maximum ratings .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 13 2.3. o perating rang e . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 13 2.4. chip spe c ification . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 1 4 2.4.1. po w er consumption ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 14 2.4.2. frequency synt he s is .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 14 2.4.3. f s k/ o ok mode re c ei v er . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 15 2.4.4. f s k/ o ok mode transmit t er ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 16 2.4.5. ele c tri c al speci f ication f or loratm mod u lation . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 17 2.4.6. digi t al speci f ication . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 19 3. RFM92W/ 93w features . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . .. . .... 21 3.1. lo r atm modem . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 22 3.2. fsk/ oo k modem . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 22 4. RFM92W/93w analog & r f fron t end e le c tronic s ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. 23 4.1. power supply strategy ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 4.2. low battery detector .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 4.3. frequen c y s y n t hesis .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 4.3.1. cr y stal o scillator . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 4.3.2. clko u t output .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 24 4.3.3. pll . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 24 4.3.4. rc o s c illa t or . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 26 4.4. transmitter desc rip t i on .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. . 27 4.4.1. ar c hitec t ure descrip t ion . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 27 4.4.2. rf power a mplifier s ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 27 4.4.3. high p ower +20 dbm op era t ion . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 28 4.4.4. o v er current protection .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 29 4.5. receiver de s cription . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 29 4.5.1. o v erview . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 29 4.5.2. recei v er enabl e d and receiver a c tive s t a t es . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .... 29 4.5.3. au t omatic gain con t rol in fsk/ oo k mode .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 30 4.5.4. rssi in f s k/ o ok mode .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 31 4.5.5. rssi in loratm mode . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 32 4.5.6. channel filter . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 32 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 3 RFM92W/93w t able of conten t s section page 4.5.7. temperature mea s ureme n t . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . 33 5. spi inter f ace . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 34 6. introduction to the loratm modem and its capabili t ies .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 36 7. link design using the lor a tm modem . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 7.1. o verview .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 7.2. spreading fac t or .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 38 7.3. coding rate . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 38 7.4. signal band w id t h .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 39 7.5. lo r atm transmission param e ter relationship . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .... 39 7.6. lo r atm packet struc t ur e .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 39 7.6.1. preamble . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 40 7.6.2. heade r . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 40 7.6.3 . pa y load .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 40 7.7. time on air .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 41 7.8. frequen c y h opping wi t h loratm .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 41 7.8.1. principle of operati on . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 41 7.8.2. timing of channel updates . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 42 8. lo r atm digital inter f a c e . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 42 8.1. lo r atm configura t ion register s . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 42 8.2. s t atus regis t er s . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .... 43 8.3. lo r atm mode fifo data buffer . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 43 8.3.1. o v erview . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 43 8.3.2. principle of operation . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 43 9. o peration of the loratm modem . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 44 9.1. o perating mode con t ro l .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 44 9.2. frequen c y set t ings .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 44 9.3. lo r atm modem state ma c hine sequences .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .... 45 9.3.1. data tran s mi s sion s equence . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 45 9.3.2. dat a recep t ion sequen c e . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 47 9.3.3. recei v er timeout o peration ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 48 9.3.4. channel ac t ivity detection .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 50 9.4. digital io p i n mapping ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 5 2 10. fsk/ oo k modem ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .... 53 10 . 1. bit rate setting .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 53 10 . 2. fsk/ oo k transmissio n .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 54 10 . 2 . 1. fsk modulatio n . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 54 10 . 2 . 2. o ok modulatio n . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 54 10 . 2 . 3. modula t ion shapin g .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 54 10 . 3. fsk/ oo k recep t ion . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 55 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 4 RFM92W/93w t able of conten t s section page 10 . 3 . 1. fsk demodulato r . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 55 10 . 3 . 2. o ok demodulato r . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 55 10 . 3 . 3. bit synchronizer . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 57 10 . 3 . 4. frequency error indi c a t o r . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 58 10 . 3 . 5. afc .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 59 10 . 3 . 6. preamble d e t ec t or ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 59 10 . 3 . 7. i mage rejec t ion mixe r . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 60 10 . 3 . 8. i mage and rssi calibra t ion .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 60 10 . 3 . 9. timeout fun c tio n .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 60 11. o perating modes in fsk/ oo k mode .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 61 11 . 1. g eneral o verview . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 61 11 . 2. s t artup time s .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 61 11 . 2 . 1. transmitter star t up time .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 62 11 . 2 . 2. r eceiver star t up tim e . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 62 11 . 2 . 3. time to rssi evalua t ion . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 11 . 2 . 4. tx to rx turnaround time . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 11 . 2 . 5. r x to tx . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 11 . 2 . 6. r eceiver hopping, rx to rx . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 64 11 . 2 . 7. tx to tx . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 64 11 . 3. receiver startup o ptions .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 6 5 11 . 4. receiver re s tart methods . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 65 11 . 4 . 1. r es t art u pon user request .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 65 11 . 4 . 2. automa t ic res t art af t er valid packet r e c eption . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 66 11 . 4 . 3. automa t ic res t art w hen packet c olli s i on is dete c te d . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 66 11 . 5. top level sequencer . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 6 7 11 . 5 . 1. sequen c er s t a t es . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 67 11 . 5 . 2. sequen c er transitions .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . .. .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 68 11 . 5 . 3. timers .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 69 11 . 5 . 4. sequen c er s t a t e machine . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 70 12. data pro c e s sin g in fsk / o o k mod e . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 12 . 1. o verview .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 12 . 1 . 1. block diagram . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 12 . 1 . 2. d ata op era t ion modes . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 12 . 1 . 3. fifo .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 72 12 . 1 . 4. s y nc word recognition .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 73 12 . 1 . 5. pac k et handler .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 74 12 . 1 . 6. c ontrol .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .... 74 12 . 2. digital io p i ns mapping . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 7 5 12 . 3. continuous mode . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 7 6 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 5 RFM92W/93w t able of conten t s section page 12 . 3 . 1. g eneral des c riptio n .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 76 12 . 3 . 2. tx processin g . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 76 12 . 3 . 3. r x pro c e s sing . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 77 12 . 4. packet mode ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 77 12 . 4 . 1. g eneral des c riptio n .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 77 12 . 4 . 2. pac k et format . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 78 12 . 4 . 3. tx processin g . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 81 12 . 4 . 4. r x pro c e s sing . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 81 12 . 4 . 5. h andling large packets . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 82 12 . 4 . 6. pac k et filterin g .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 82 12 . 4 . 7. d c - free data mechani s ms .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . 84 12 . 4 . 8. beacon tx mode .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 85 12 . 5. io - homecon t rol? compatibility mode . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 85 13. des c ription of the regis t er s . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 86 13 . 1. register table summary . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 86 13 . 2. fsk/ oo k mode reg i s ter map . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . ... . . 8 9 13 . 3. lo r atm mode register map . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 103 14. appli c a t ion information . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 109 14 . 1. crys t al resonator s pecifi c a t ion ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 109 14 . 2. reset of the chip .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. 109 14 . 2 . 1. p o r . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 109 14 . 2 . 2. manual reset . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . 110 14 . 3. top s equencer: li s ten mode e x amples ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 110 14 . 3 . 1. w ake on pream ble interrupt . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 110 14 . 3 . 2. w ake on syncaddress in t errup t .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 112 14 . 4. top s equencer: beacon mode ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . .... . .. . .. . .. . 116 14 . 4 . 1. timing diagra m .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 116 14 . 4 . 2. sequen c er configura t io n . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 116 14 . 5. e x ample c rc cal c ulation . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . 118 14 . 6. e x ample temperature r eading .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . 119 14.7. r eference design .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . 119 15. packaging information .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 120 15 . 1. package outline drawing .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 120 15 . 2. ordering information . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 121 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 6 RFM92W/93w table 1. RFM92W/93w device variants and key parame t ers . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .... . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 11 table 2. absolu t e maximum ra t ings . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 13 table 3. o perating range . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 13 table 4. power c onsump t ion spe c ification . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 14 table 5. frequen c y s y n t hesizer speci f ication .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 14 table 6. receiver s pecifi c a t ion . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 15 table 7. transmitter specifi c a t ion . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 16 table 8. digital spe c ification .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 19 table 9. power a mplifier mode s election truth table .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 27 table 10. high p ower settings .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . ... 28 table 11. operating r ange, +20dbm o peration . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 28 table 12. operating r ange, +20dbm o peration . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 28 table 13. trimming of the o cp c urrent . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 29 table 14. l n a g ain control and p erfo rmances .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 30 table 15. rssi s moothing o p t ions . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 32 table 16. available rxbw settings . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 32 table 17. example loratm modem performan c es . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 36 table 18. range of spr e ading fac t ors . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 38 table 19. cyclic coding o verhead . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 38 table 20. loratm operating mode fun c tionality ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 44 table 21. if sele c tion in loratm mode . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 45 table 22. dio mapping loratm mode .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 52 table 23. bit r a t e e xamples .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 53 table 24. preamble detector se t tings . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 59 table 25. rxtrigger settings t o e nable timeout i n t errup t s . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. .. . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 60 table 26. ba s ic transceiver modes . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 61 table 2 7. recei v er s t artup time summary . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 62 table 28. recei v er s t artup op tions . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 65 table 29. sequencer states . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 67 table 30. sequencer transi t io n o p t ions . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 68 table 31. sequencer timer s et t ings . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 69 table 32. status of f i fo when swit c hing between d iff e rent modes of the c hip . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 73 table 33. dio mapping, continuous mode . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 75 table 34. dio mapping, pa c ket mode . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 75 table 35. crc des c ription . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 83 table 36. regis t ers s ummary . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 86 table 37. regis t er map . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 89 table 38. cr y stal specifi cation .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 109 table 39. li s ten mode w ith preambledete c t c ondi t ion set t ings . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 112 table 40. li s ten mode w ith preamb l edete c t c ondi t ion r ecommended d i o mapping . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 112 table 41. li s ten mode w ith syn c address c ondition s et t ings . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 114 table 42. li s ten mode w ith preamb l edete c t c ondi t ion r ecommended d i o mapping . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 115 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 7 RFM92W/93w table 43. beacon mode se t tings .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 117 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 8 RFM92W/93w figure 1. block d iagram .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 10 figure 2. pin diagram ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 11 figure 3. simpli f ied RFM92W/93w blo c k s c hema t ic diagram . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 21 figure 4. tcxo connection .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 23 figure 5. typi c al pha se n oise per f ormances of the low c onsumption and low pha s e noi s e plls. .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... 25 figure 6. rf front - end architec t ure shows the internal pa configu r a t ion. . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .... 27 figure 7. receiv er block diag r am . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 30 figure 8. a g c s t eps d e f inition . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 31 figure 9. tempera t ure sensor response . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 33 figure 10. s pi timing d iagram ( s ingle a c cess) . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 34 figure 11. i n f luen c e of frequen c y d r ift on loratm modem sen s itivi t y (sf = 7, bw = 500 k h z & f = 915 mhz) . . .... 36 figure 12. loratm mod em connecti v ity .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 37 figure 13. i n t errup t s generated in the ca s e of succes s ful frequency hoppi n g communi c a t ion. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . .... 42 figure 14. oo k peak demodulat o r descrip t ion . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 55 figure 15. floor threshold o p t imi z a t ion ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 56 figure 16. b it s y nchronizer d e s cription . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 57 figure 17. fei process . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 58 figure 18. s tartup process . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 61 figure 19. time to r s si sample ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . ..... . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 figure 20. tx to rx turnar ound ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 figure 21. r x t o tx turnaround ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 63 figure 22. r e c eiver hopping . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 64 figure 23. transmit t er hoppi n g . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 64 figure 24. timer1 and timer2 mechanism . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 69 figure 25. s equencer s t a t e machine . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 70 figure 26. RFM92W/93w data pro c e s sing c oncep t ual view . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 71 figure 27. f i fo and shift regi s ter (sr) ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 72 figure 28. fif ole v el irq source behavior . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 73 figure 29. s ync word r ecogni t ion .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 74 figure 30. c ontinuous mode concep t ual view .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 76 figure 31. tx processing in con t inuous mode . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 76 figure 32. r x pro c e s sing in c ontinuous mode .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 77 figure 33. p ac k et mode con c eptual view . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 78 figure 34. fixed leng t h pa c ket format . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 79 figure 35. v ariable leng t h p ac k et format . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 80 figure 36. u nlimited l eng t h pa c ket format . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ...... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 80 figure 37. man c hes t er encodin g/ decoding .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 84 figure 38. d a t a whi t ening p olynomial .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .... 85 figure 39. p or timing diagram .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 109 figure 40. manual reset timing d iagram . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. 110 figure 41. lis t en mode: p rinciple . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 110 figure 42. lis t en mode wi t h no preamble received . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 111 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 9 RFM92W/93w figure 43. lis t en mode wi t h p r eamble recei v ed ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 111 figure 44. w a k e on preamb ledetect state ma c hi n e . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 112 figure 45. lis t en mode wi t h no s y nc a ddress det e cted .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. 113 figure 46. lis t en mode wi t h pre a mble recei v ed and no syncaddress . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 113 figure 47. lis t en mode wi t h pream b le recei v ed & valid s y n c address . . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 114 figure 48. w a k e on syncaddress state ma c hine . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 114 figure 49. b eacon mode timing diagram . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 116 figure 50. b eacon mode state machine ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 116 figur e 51. e xample crc code . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 118 figure 52. e xample tempera t ure reading . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 119 figure 53. p ac k age outline dra w ing .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 120 figure 54. r e c ommended land patter n ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. . .. 121 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 10 RFM92W/93w 1. general description t h e RFM92W/93w inco r p o r a t es th e lor a tm s p r e a d spectr um m od em w h ic h i s c a p a bl e o f ac h i e vi n g si g nifi c a n tly l o n g er ra n g e than exis t ing sys t ems based on fsk or oo k modula t ion. with this new modulation scheme s ensi t ivities 10 db bet t er t han fsk c an b e achiev e d wit h a low - c o st , l o w - t o le r a n c e, c r ys t al r e fe r ence . t hi s inc r eas e i n li nk b u dg et p r ovid e s muc h lon g er r a n g e an d r o bustn e s s witho u t th e n e e d f or a tcxo or external a m plificatio n . lora tm also p r ovides sig n ificant advances in selectivity and blocking per f ormance, further improving c o mmunication reliabilit y . for maximum fle x ibility the user may d ecid e o n th e s p r e a d s p ect r u m m od u latio n ba n dwi d t h (bw) , sp r ea d in g f a cto r (sf ) a nd e r r or co r r e cti on r a t e (cr) . an o t h e r b e n efi t o f th e sp r ea d m od u latio n i s tha t eac h spr e a d in g f a ct or i s o r t h og o n al - thu s multiple transmit t ed signals can o c cupy the s am e c h a n n e l wi t h ou t i n te r f e ri ng . t his al s o pe r m i t s s im p le c o exi s t e n c e w ith e x isti n g f sk b a s e d s ys t e m s. s t a nd a r d gfsk, fsk, ook, and gmsk m odulation is also provided to allow com p atibility with exist i ng sy s tems or s t andards su c h as wireless mbus and ieee 802.15.4g. t h e rfm92 w o f f e r s t h r ee b a n dwi d t h o p ti o n s of 1 25 khz , 2 50 khz , a nd 5 0 0 kh z wit h sp r ea d in g fact o r s ra n gi ng f r o m 7 t o 1 2 . t h e rfm93 w o f fe rs th e sa me ba n dwi d t h o ptio ns wit h s p r e adi n g fact o r s f r o m 7 t o 9. 1.1. simplified block diagram fi g ure 1. block dia g ram t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 11 RFM92W/93w 1.2. prod u ct v ersions t h e fe a t u r es o f t he tw o p r o duc t v a ri a n t s rfm92 w a n d rfm93 w a r e d e t ail ed i n th e followi n g t abl e . t a ble 1 RFM92W/93w d e vice v aria n t s and k e y parameters p a rt n u mber fr e q u e n c y r an g e lor a tm p a ram e t e rs s pr e a d i n g f a c t or ban d wi d th effective bitrate se n s i tivity rfm92 8 6 0 - 1 0 20 mhz 7 - 12 1 25 - 5 00 khz 0 .3 - 20 kb p s - 1 3 7 .5 d bm rfm93 8 6 0 - 1 0 20 mhz 7 - 9 1 25 - 5 00 khz 1 .7 - 20 kb p s - 1 30 dbm 1.3. pin diagram the following dia g r a m shows the pin arrangeme n t, top vie w . figure 2 . pin diagram t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 12 RFM92W/93w 1.4. pin description number n a me t y p e d e sc r iption d e s c ri p ti o n s t an d a l o n e mo d e 1 gnd - gr o und 2 miso i spi d a t a o u t p ut 3 mosi o spi d a t a i n put 4 sck i spi c l ock i nput 5 nss i spi c h ip sel e ct in p u t 6 re set i/o res e t tr i gg e r i n put 7 dio5 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 8 gnd - gr o und 9 ant - rf signal output /i nput. 10 gnd - gr o und 11 dio3 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 12 dio4 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 13 3.3v - su p p l y vol t age 14 dio0 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 15 dio1 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d 16 dio2 i/o di g i t al i/o, so f t w a re c o nfigur e d t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 13 RFM92W/93w 2. electrical characteristics 2.1. esd notice the RFM92W/93w is a high performance radio frequen cy d e vice. it satisfies: ? clas s 2 o f th e jede c s t a n da rd jesd 2 2 - a 1 1 4 - b (h u ma n bo dy m od e l ) o n a l l pi ns. ? class iii of the je d ec s t andard j esd22 - c101c (charged devi c e model) on all pins it should thus be handl e d w i th all the necessary esd p r e c a u tions to avoid a n y p e r m anent damag e . 2.2. a b sol u te maximum ratings s tr e s s es a b o v e t he v a l u es list e d be low m a y c a u se p er m an e n t d e vic e fail u r e. exp o s u r e t o absol u te maxim um r ating s for extended periods may a f fect device reliabilit y . t a ble 2 absolute maximum rati n gs s ymbol de s c ription min max u n it vddmr sup p ly v o l t a g e - 0 . 5 3 .9 v tmr t emperature - 55 + 1 15 c tj junction temp e r a t u r e - + 1 25 c pmr rf inp u t lev e l - + 10 dbm n o t e sp e cifi c r atin gs a ppl y t o t he + 2 0db m o pe r atio n. 2.3. operating ran g e t a ble 3 o p e rating r a nge symbol description min max unit vddop s u pp l y vol t a g e 1 .8 3 . 7 v t o p op e r a t i on a l temp e rature range - 20 + 70 c cl o p l oad ca p a ci t ance on d igi t a l p o r t s - 25 p f ml r f i n put level - +10 d bm n o t e a s p ecifi c s u p p l y vol t a g e r an ge a p plie s t o t he + 2 0db m o pe r atio n. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 14 RFM92W/93w 2.4. c h ip s pecification t h e t a bl e s b e lo w gi v e th e electric a l spe c ific at ion s of t he t r ansceive r u nd er t he foll o win g c o nditi o ns : sup p l y v o l t a ge vb a t 1 = vb a t 2=vdd=3. 3 v , tem p e r atu re = 2 5 c , fxos c = 3 2 mhz , f rf = 915 m h z, pout = +13dbm, 2 - level fsk modulation without pre - filte r ing, fda = 5 khz, bit rate = 4.8 kb/s a n d t e rmi n ate d i n a m atc h e d 5 0 o hm i m pe d ance , unl e s s o t h e r w i s e specified. shared rx and tx p ath matchin g . note unless otherwise specified, the performance in the 8 6 8 m h z band is ident ical or bette r . 2 .4.1. power consu m ption t a ble 4 power cons u m ption specification symbol d e sc r i p ti o n conditions min t y p max unit id d sl s u pply current in sle e p m o de - 0 .1 1 u a id d i d l e s u pply current in idle mode rc osci l lator ena b led - 1.5 - ua id d st s u pply current in s t a n dby m o de crys t a l oscill a t o r e n ab l ed - 1 .4 1.6 ma id d f s s u pply current in synthesiz e r mode f s rx - 4 .5 - ma id d r s u pply current in rec e ive m o de l n aboost = 00 - 1 0 . 5 - ma id d t s u pply c u rr e n t in t ransmit mode w i t h i m p ed a nc e m a tc h i ng rf op = + 2 0 dbm, on p a_boost rfop = + 1 7 dbm, on p a_boost rfop = + 1 3 dbm, on rfo p i n rfop = + 7 dbm, on rfo p i n - - - - 125 90 28 18 - - - - ma ma ma ma 2 .4.2. fr e quency s y nthesis t a ble 5 frequ e ncy synt h esizer specification symbol des c ription con d it i o n s min t y p max unit fr sy n t h e sizer fr e que n cy ra n g e pro g ramm a ble 8 6 2 - 1 020 mhz fxosc crys t al osc i llator fr e que n cy - 3 2 - mhz ts_osc cry s t a l oscillator wake - up time - 2 50 - u s ts_fs f re q uency synthesiz e r w a k e - up ti m e to plllock signal from s t an d by m o d e - 6 0 - us ts_hop fre q uency synthesiz e r h o p time at most 1 0 khz a way from t h e t a r g et freq u ency 200 khz step 1 mhz step 5 mhz step 7 mhz step 12 mhz step 20 mhz step 25 mhz step - - - - - - - 20 20 50 50 50 50 50 - - - - - - - us us us us us us us fst ep f requency synthesizer step fstep = fxosc/2 19 - 6 1. 0 - hz frc rc oscil l ator fre q uency a f t e r ca l ibrati o n - 6 2 .5 - khz t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 15 RFM92W/93w brf bit rate, fsk program m able va l ues (1) 1 .2 - 3 0 0 k b p s bro bit rate, ook pro g ramm a b le 1.2 - 32.7 6 8 k b p s bra bit rate accuracy abs(wanted b r - available b r ) - - 2 50 ppm fda f re q uency dev i a tion, fsk (1) pro g ramm a ble fda + brf/2 =< 2 50 khz 0.6 - 2 0 0 khz n o t e fo r maxim um b i t r a t e t he maxim um mo d ulatio n ind e x i s 1. 2 .4.3. fsk/ook mode rec e iver al l r e ceive r tes t s a re p e rfo r me d wit h rxb w = 1 0 kh z (s in gle si de ban d wi d th ) as p r o g r a mme d i n reg r xb w , receiving a pn1 5 se q ue n ce . se n sitiviti es a re re p o r t ed f or a 0 . 1% be r ( wit h bi t sync h ro n ize r e n abl e d ), unless otherwise spe c ified. blo c king t e s t s a re pe rf or m e d with a n u n mo d u l a ted i n t e r f e r e r . th e w a n t ed s ig n al p o w e r f o r t h e blo c king i m mu ni t y , a cr, iip2, iip3 and amr tes t s is set 3 db above the receiver s ensiti v ity level. t a ble 6 r e c eiver sp e c i f ica t ion symbol d e scripti o n con d it i o n s min t y p max unit r f s_f d i r e ct t i e of rfi a nd rfo pins, sha r ed rx, tx p a ths f s k sensi - tivit y , highest lna gain. fda = 5 k h z, br = 1.2 kb/s fda = 5 k h z, br = 4.8 kb/s fda = 40 khz, br = 38.4 kb/s* fda = 20 khz, br = 38.4 kb/s** fda = 62.5 khz, br = 250 k b /s* * * - - - - - - 1 19 - 1 15 - 105 - 106 - 92 - - - - - dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm s p l i t rf p a t h s, ln a boost i s turned o n , the rf switch insertion l o ss is not accou n t e d fo r . fda = 5 k h z, br = 1.2 kb/s fda = 5 k h z, br = 4.8 kb/s fda = 40 khz, br = 38.4 kb/s* fda = 20 khz, br = 38.4 kb/s** fda = 62.5 khz, br = 250 k b /s* * * - - - - - - 123 - 1 19 - 1 10 - 1 10 - 97 - - - - - dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm r f s_o ook s e nsitivit y , h igh e st lna g a in s h a r ed rx, tx p a th s br = 4.8 kb/s br = 32 k b /s - - - 1 17 - 108 - - dbm dbm c cr c o - c han n el re j e ct i o n - - 8 - d b acr ad j acent cha n nel r e jection f da = 2 khz, br = 1.2kb/s, rx b w = 5 . 2 k hz o f f set = + / - 25 k h z - 5 4 - d b fda = 5 khz, br=4.8kb/s o f f set = + / - 25 k h z o f f set = + / - 50 k h z - - 50 50 - - db db bi blo c king immunity o f f set = + / - 1 m h z o f f set = + / - 2 m h z o f fse t = + / - 1 0 m h z - - - 73 78 87 - - - db db db amr am r e jectio n , am mo d u l a t e d i n t e rfer e r with 1 0 0% modu l ation d e pth, fm = 1 khz, s q uare o f f set = + / - 1 m h z o f f set = + / - 2 m h z o f fse t = + / - 1 0 m h z - - - 73 78 87 - - - db db db t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 16 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet iip2 2 n d order input i n t e rc e p t po i n t u n wanted ton e s are 2 0 mhz a b ov e t h e lo hi g hest l na g a in - + 5 7 - d bm iip3 3 rd order input intercept point u n wanted ton e s are 1 m hz a n d 1.9 9 5 mhz a b ove t h e lo h igh e st lna ga i n g1 l na g a in g2, 4 d b s e nsitivity h it - - - 12.5 - 8 - - dbm dbm b w _ssb si n g le side c h ann e l f i lt e r bw pro g ramm a b le 2.7 - 2 5 0 khz imr image re j e ction w a n t e d s i gn a l 3db over sens ber=0.1% - 4 8 - d b ima image att e nuati o n - 56 - d b d r_rssi rssi d y n a mic ran g e agc ena b led m i n m a x - - - 127 0 - - dbm dbm * r xb w = 8 3 kh z (s in gle sid e ba n dwi d t h) * * rxb w = 5 0 kh z (s in gle sid e ba n dwi d t h) * ** r xb w = 2 50 kh z (si n gl e sid e b a ndwi d th) 2 .4.4. fsk/ook mode t r a n smitter t a ble 7 t r a nsmitter s p ecific a tion symbol d e scripti o n c o nd i ti o ns min t y p max unit r f _op r f o u tput p o w e r in 50 o h ms on rfo p i n (high e f fici e n cy p a). programmab l e with ste p s m a x min + 1 1 - +14 - 1 - - dbm dbm rf_ op_v rf o u tput p o w e r s t a b i l ity on rfo pin v e rs u s vo l t a g e supp l y . vdd = 2. 5 v t o 3 . 3 v vdd = 1. 8 v t o 3 . 7 v - - 3 8 - - db db r f _o ph rf outp u t p o wer in 50 o h ms, on p a_boost p i n (reg u lated p a). programmab l e with 1db ste p s max m i n - - +17 +2 - - dbm dbm r f_ oph _ m ax max rf o u t p ut p o we r , on p a_boost p i n high p o wer mode - + 20 - d bm rf_ oph_v rf o u tput p o w e r s t a b i l ity on p a_boost p i n ve rsus v o l t a ge suppl y . vdd = 2. 4 v t o 3 . 7 v - + / - 1 - d b rf_t rf o u t p ut pow e r s t a b il i ty v e rs u s temper a t ure o n both rf p i ns. f rom t = - 40 c to +8 5 c - + / - 1 - db phn t ra n s mitter p h ase no i s e low c o nsumption pl l , 9 1 5 mhz 50khz o f f s et 4 00 khz o f f s e t 1 m hz o f fse t - - - - 102 - 1 14 - 120 - - - db c / hz low ph a se n o ise pll, 915 mhz 50khz o f f s et 4 00 khz o f f s e t 1 m hz o f fset - - - - 106 - 1 17 - 122 - - - db c / hz t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 17 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet acp t ra n s mitter adj a cent c h ann e l p o wer (m e a sured at 25 khz o f f - set) bt = 1 . me a surement cond i t i ons as defi n ed by en 3 00 22 0 - 1 v 2 . 3 .1 - - - 3 7 d bm ts_tr t ran s mitter wake up time, to the first risi n g edge o f dc l k fre q ue n cy synthes i z e r e nab l ed, paramp = 1 0us, br = 4.8 kb/s - 120 - u s 2 .4.5. el e ctrical s p ecific a tion for lo r a tm m odulation t h e t a bl e b el ow gi v es th e electrica l sp e cifi c atio ns fo r t he tr a nsc ei ve r o pe r atin g wit h lo r a tm modulation. following conditio n s apply unless otherwise specifie d : ? s u pp l y vol t a ge = 3 . 3 v . ? t e mp e rat u r e = 25 c. ? f xosc = 32 mh z . ? ba nd: f rf = 91 5 mhz. ? b a n d wi d th (b w ) = 1 25 k h z. ? s p r e adi n g facto r (s f ) = 12. ? error corre c tion code ( e c) = 4/5. ? pa c ket error rate (pe r )= 1%.spli t split ? crc on p ayload enabled. ? outp ut p o we r = 1 3 db m in transmission. ? paylo a d length = 10 bytes. ? wit h m a tch ed imp e d a n ces. symbol de s c ription conditions m in. t y p max unit iddr_l s u pply c u rr e n t in r e c e iver lo r a tm mode, 8 68 mhz bw = 1 25 khz bw = 2 50 khz bw = 5 00 khz - - - 10 11 13 - - - ma ma ma iddt_l s u pply current in tr a n smitter mode rfop = 13 d b m rfop = 7 dbm - - 32 22 - - ma ma iddt_h_l s u pply current in tr a n smitter mode w i th a n ext e rnal imp e dance transformation usi n g p a _ boost pin r f o p = 1 7 d b m - 9 2 - ma bi_l bl o cking immun i t y , frf = 8 6 8 m h z cw interferer o f fset = +/ - 1 mhz o f fset = +/ - 2 mhz o f fset = +/ - 1 0 mhz - 82 .5 86.5 89 db db db i i p3 _ l 3 r d or de r i n p u t i n t e r ce p t p o i n t, hi gh e st lna g a i n , f rf = 8 6 8 mhz, cw i n t e r f e r er f1 = f rf + 1 m h z f2 = frf + 1.995 mhz - - 12.5 - dbm iip 2 _l 2 nd ord e r i n put i n tercept poi n t , hig h est lna g a i n , f rf = 8 6 8 mhz, cw i n t e r f e r e r . f1 = f rf + 2 0 mhz f2 = f rf+ 2 0 mhz + f - 5 7 - d bm br_ l 125 bit rate, l o ng - r a nge mode p l oad_ l / t oa_l1 2 5 cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 125 khz cr = 4/4, sf = 7 bw _ l = 125 khz - - 0.1 2 5 4.83 - - kb p s kb p s t ab l e 8. el e c trical sp e cifications: lo r a tm mode t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 18 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet symbol de s c ription conditions m in. t y p max unit br_ l 250 bit rate, l o ng - r a nge mode p l oad_ l / t oa_l2 5 0 cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 250 khz cr = 4/4, sf = 7 bw _ l = 250 khz - - 0.2 8 8 9.66 - - kb p s kb p s br_ l 500 bit rate, l o ng - r a nge mode p l o ad_ l / t oa_l5 0 0 cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 500 khz cr = 4/4, sf = 7 bw _ l = 500 khz - - 0.5 7 6 1 9 . 4 6 - - kb p s kb p s rfs_lp20 2 0 % per rf sensitivit y , l o ng - r a nge mo d e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte p a yl o a d cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 125 khz - - 1 3 7.5 - dbm rfs_lp10 1 0 % per rf sensitivit y , l o ng - r a nge mo d e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte p a yl o a d cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 125 khz tbc d bm rfs_lp1 1 % per rf s e nsitivit y , lo n g - ra n ge mo d e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, u s i n g s h ar e d rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte p a yl o a d cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 125 khz tbc d bm rfs_lp1 1 % per rf s e nsitivit y , lo n g - ra n ge mo d e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte p a yl o a d cr = 4/8, sf = 12 bw _ l = 125 khz tbc d bm rfs_l 1 25 rf sensitivit y , l o ng - r a nge mod e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, 1 25 khz b an d wi d th 1% per usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte cr = 4/5, sf = 7 cr = 4/5, sf = 8 cr = 4/5, sf = 9 cr = 4/5 , sf = 10 cr = 4/5, sf = 1 1 cr = 4/5, sf = 12 - - - - - - - 1 24 - 1 25 - 1 29 - 1 32 - 1 34 - 1 36 - - - - - - dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm rfs_l 2 50 rf sensitivit y , l o ng - r a nge mod e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, 2 50 khz b an d wi d th 1% per usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte cr = 4/5, sf = 7 cr = 4/5, sf = 8 cr = 4/5, sf = 9 cr = 4/5, sf = 10 cr = 4/5, sf = 1 1 cr = 4/5, sf = 12 - - - - - - - 1 20 - 1 22 - 1 25 - 1 29 - 1 31 - 1 33 - - - - - - dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm rfs_l 5 00 rf sensitivit y , l o ng - r a nge mod e , h igh e st lna ga i n, l na b oost, 5 00 khz b an d wi d th 1% per usi n g s p lit rx / tx p a th frf = 8 6 8 mhz, 10 byte cr = 4/5, sf = 7 cr = 4/5, sf = 8 cr = 4/5, sf = 9 cr = 4/5, sf = 10 cr = 4/5, sf = 1 1 cr = 4/5, sf = 12 - - - - - - - 1 17 - 1 21 tbc - 1 26 - 1 28 - 1 30 - - - - - - dbm dbm dbm dbm dbm d bm cc r _lcw6 c o - chan n el rej e cti o n si n g le cw to n e = sens +6 db 1% per sf = 12 - t bc - d b t ab l e 8. el e c trical sp e cifications: lo r a tm mode t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 19 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet symbol de s c ription conditions m in. t y p max unit cc r _lcw c o - chan n el rej e ct i o n si n g le cw to n e = sens +3 db 1% per sf = 7 sf = 8 sf = 9 sf = 10 sf = 1 1 sf = 12 - 5 10 12 14 15 18 - db db db db db db cc r _ll c o - chan n el rej e cti o n interferer is a lo r a tm sig n al us i ng same bw and same s f . pw = sens i t iv i t y + 3 db - 6 db acr _ lcw a d jace n t cha n nel rej e ct i o n frf =8 6 8 mhz interferer i s 1 . 5 *bw_l from the w a nt e d sign a l center fre q ue n cy 1% per, s i ngle c w t o ne = s e ns + 3 d b sf = 7 sf = 12 - - 60 72 - - db db imr_lcw image re j e ct i on a f t e r ca l ibrati o n. 1% per, s i ngle c w t o ne = sens +3 db - 55.5 - db ferr_l max i m u m toler a t e d fre q uency o f fset b e tween transmitt e r a nd receiv e r bw _ l = 125 khz bw _ l = 250 khz bw _ l = 500 khz no s e nsitivity d e gra d at i o n - 30 - 60 - 120 - - - 30 60 120 k h z k h z k h z t ab l e 8. el e c trical sp e cifications: lo r a tm mode 2 .4.6. di g i t al s pe c ification conditio n s: t e mp = 25 c, vdd = 3.3 v , f xos c = 3 2 m hz , unl e s s oth e rwis e s p ecified. t a ble 9 d igi t al s p ecification symbol des c ription c o n d it i o ns min t y p max unit v ih dig i t al i nput level h igh 0.8 - - vdd v il dig i t al i nput level l o w - - 0 .2 vdd v oh dig i t al o u t p ut l e vel h i gh imax = 1 ma 0.9 - - vdd v ol dig i t al o u t p ut l e vel l o w imax = - 1 ma - - 0.1 vdd f sck sck freq u ency - - 1 0 mhz t ch sck h igh time 50 - - n s t cl sck low time 50 - - ns t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 20 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t r is e sck rise time - 5 - n s t fall sck fall time - 5 - n s t setup mosi setup time from mosi cha n ge to s c k risi n g e dge. 30 - - n s t hold mosi h o ld time from sck risi n g edge to mosi ch a ng e . 20 - - n s t nsetup nss setup time from n ss f a lli n g edge to sck risi n g e dge. 30 - - n s t nhold nss h o ld time from sck f a lli n g edge to nss risi n g e dge, normal mo d e . 1 0 0 - - n s t nhigh nss h igh time betwe e n spi accesses 20 - - n s t _ d at a d a t a hold a nd setup time 2 5 0 - - n s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 21 RFM92W/93w fig u re 3. simplifi e d RFM92W/93w block schem a tic diagram wireless & sensing pr elimina r y d a t asheet 3. RFM92W/93w features t hi s secti on g i v es a hi g h - l ev e l ove r vie w of the functionality of the RFM92W/93w lo w - p o w e r , hi ghl y int e gr at e d t r ansceive r . the foll o wi n g fi g u r e s h o w s a si mp lifi e d bl o ck di ag r a m of t h e RFM92W/93w . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 22 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet RFM92W/93w a re h a lf - d u plex , low - i f tr a nsc ei vers . h e r e t he r ecei v ed rf signal is first amplified by the lna. the l n a input is si n gl e en d e d t o mi nimis e t he ext e r n a l b om a n d fo r e a s e o f d esig n. foll o win g t he ln a o u t p ut , th e c o nve r si on t o di f f e r enti al i s m a d e t o im p r o v e t he s e con d or d e r line a rit y a n d h a r mo n i c r e j e ctio n. t he sign a l i s th en d o w n - co n v e rte d t o i n - p h a s e a n d q u a d r atur e (i&q ) c o mp o ne n t s at th e inte r me d iat e fre q u e nc y ( i f) b y th e mix er s t ag e. a p ai r of sig ma d e l t a adc s t h en p e r f o r m d a t a conversio n , with all subsequent signal proc essin g a n d d em o dul a ti on p e rfo r m ed i n th e di gi t a l d om a in . the di g i t al s t a te m ac h i n e also c o n t r ols t h e a u t om a t ic f re q u e n cy c o r r e ctio n (a fc) , r e c e iv ed sign a l str e n g t h i n dicato r (rssi ) a n d a u t o m a ti c g a in c o n t r o l ( a gc ) . i t a lso f e a t u r es t h e hi g h er - l evel p a cket and protocol level functionality of the top level s e qu e nce r ( t l s ). the frequency s ynthesi s er gen e rates the lo c al os c illator (lo) frequency for both receiver and tran s mitte r . the pll is o p ti m i z e d f or u s e r - t r a n s p a r e nt low lock ti m e an d f a s t a u t o - c al i b rat i ng operation. in transmissio n , fre q uency mod u lation is p e r f o r m e d di gi t a ll y withi n th e p ll b an d wi d th . t he p ll als o f e a t u r e s o p ti o n al p r e - filte r in g o f th e bit st r ea m t o im p r o v e spectral purit y . RFM92W/93w fe a t u r e a p ai r o f r f p o we r am p lifi e rs . th e fi rs t , co n necte d t o r f o , c an d elive r u p t o + 14 db m , i s u n r eg u lated f or hi g h p o w er e f ficie n c y an d ca n b e con n ecte d di r ectl y t o t he rf receiver inp u t via a p a ir of p assive componen t s to form a si n gl e a nte n n a po rt hig h e f fici e nc y t r a n sceive r . t he sec o nd p a, con n ecte d t o t he p a_b oos t pi n a n d c an d elive r u p to + 20 db m vi a a de d icate d m a tch i n g n e tw o rk. RFM92W/93w also include t w o tim i ng references, an rc oscillator and a 32 mhz crys t al oscillato r . all ma jo r p a r a m e t e rs of t he rf fr on t e n d an d d igi t a l s t a t e ma c h ine a r e f u lly c on fi g u r a b le v ia a n spi i n t e r f a c e w h ich giv e s ac c e s s t o RFM92W/93w ? s co n fi g u r atio n r egiste r s . thi s inclu d e s a m o d e a u t o s e qu e nce r th at ove r see s t he t r a n siti on a n d c a lib r atio n o f t he rfm92 w/93w b etwee n i n t e r m edi a t e m o d e s of operation in the fastest time p o ssible. t h e RFM92W/93w a re e qui p p ed wit h bot h s t a n d a r d fsk a n d l o n g ra n g e s p re ad sp e ct r u m ( lor a tm ) m o d e ms . de p en d ing u p on th e mo de sel e ct ed ei t h e r c o nve n ti o na l oo k o r fs k mo d ul a ti on m ay b e em pl oye d o r t he lora tm s p r e a d s p ect r um m od e m. 3.1. lora tm modem t h e lor a tm mo d e m use s a pr o p ri e t a r y sp r e ad s p ectru m m od u latio n tech ni qu e. t h i s m o dul a ti o n , i n co nt ras t t o le g acy m od u latio n tech ni qu e s , p e r mi t s a n inc r eas e i n li nk bu d g et and increased immunity to in - band interference. at the same time the frequency toleran c e requirement of the cr y s t al reference oscillator is relaxed - allo w ing a performance increase for a r e d u ction in system cost. f o r a fuller descri p t i on of the d e s ig n tr a d e - o f f s a n d o p e r atio n o f t he RFM92W/93w ple a s e co ns ult s e cti on 6 o f t he da t a s h e e t . 3.2. fsk/ook modem i n fsk/oo k m o d e t he RFM92W/93w sup p o r t s s t a nd a r d mo d ul a ti on tech ni qu es inclu d in g ook , fsk , gfsk , ms k a n d gmsk. t h e RFM92W/93w i s e s p eciall y suit ed t o na r r ow b a n d c o mmu ni catio n than k s the low - if ar c hitectu r e e m ploye d a nd t he b uilt - in afc functionalit y . for full informa t io n o n th e fsk/oo k m o d em ple a s e c o n s ult section 10 of this d o cument. wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 23 RFM92W/93w 4. RFM92W/93w analog & rf front e nd el e ct r onics 4.1. power supply s t rategy t h e RFM92W/93w em pl oy s a n inte r na l v o l t a ge r eg u latio n sc h em e whic h p r o vi d e s s t a b l e o pe r atin g vol t a ge , a n d he n c e d e v i ce c h ar ac t e ristics , o v er t he f u l l i n d u st ri a l t e mp e rat u r e a nd op e r a ti ng v o l t a ge r a ng e of o p er at io n . thi s i n clud e s u p t o +1 7 dbm of r f o u t p u t p owe r w h ic h i s ma i n t ai n e d fr om 1. 8 v t o 3 . 7 v a nd + 20 db m fr om 2. 4 v t o 3. 7 v . t h e RFM92W/93w ca n be p o w e r ed fr om a ny l o w - n o is e v o l t ag e s o u r c e vi a pin s vb a t 1 an d vb a t2 . d e cou p lin g ca p a cito rs should be connected , as suggested in the r e fer e n c e d e sign of the applicati o ns section of this document, on vr_ p a, vr_di g a nd vr _a n a pi ns t o e n s u r e co rr ec t o p e r atio n of th e b u ilt - i n vol t a g e r eg u lato rs. 4.2. low battery detector a l ow b att e r y d e t e ct or i s als o incl u de d allow i n g th e g en e r a ti on of an inter r u p t signal in response to the supply vol t a g e d r o p pi n g b e l o w a p r o g r amm a b le t h r e s h o ld t h at is a d j u s t a ble t h r ou gh t h e re gis t er re g lowba t . the inter r u p t signal can be m ap p e d t o a ny of th e di o pin s b y pr o g r am m in g reg d iomappin g . 4.3. frequency synthesis 4 .3.1. crys t al oscillat o r the cry s t al o s cillator is the main timing reference of the RFM92W/93w . it is u s ed as the reference for the pl l ? s frequency synthe s is and as the clo c k sign a l for all digi t a l process i ng. the crys t al os c illator s t artup time, ts_os c , depends on the ele c tri c al chara c teris t ics of the c ry s t al reference used, for more information on the electri c al specification of the cry s t a l see se c tion 2.3. the crys t al connec t s to the pierce oscillator of pins x t a and xtb. t he RFM92W/93w optimizes the s t artup t i me and automatically triggers the pll when the oscillator signal is s t able. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 24 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 4 .3.2. clkout out p ut t h e r e fer e nc e f r e q ue n c y , o r a fr a ctio n of it , c an be p r ovide d on di o 5 ( pi n 1 2) b y m odifyin g bi t s c lk o ut in r egdiomapping 2 . t wo typical applic a t ions of the clkout o u tput inclu d e: ? t o provide a clock output for a c om p anion processo r , thus sa v ing the cost of an additional oscillato r . clko u t c an be m a d e a v a ila b le i n a ny o p e r at io n m o d e e xce pt sle ep mode and is a u tomatically enabl e d at power on r e set. ? t o provide an o s cillator reference output. mea s urement of t h e clko u t s ignal enables s im p le so f tware trimming of the initial cr y s t al tolerance. n o t e t o minimiz e th e cu r r e n t c o nsum p t i o n o f t he RFM92W/93w , p le a se e n s u r e t h at t h e c l ko u t sig na l is dis ab led w h e n n ot r eq u ir e d . 4 .3.3. pll the local o s cillator of the RFM92W/93w is de r ived from a fractional - n pll that is referenced to the c ry s t al oscillator circuit. t wo p l l s a re avail a bl e f or t r a n s m i t mo de o pe r atio n - eit h e r lo w p has e n o is e o r l ow cur r e nt c o nsu m ptio n t o m a ximiz e ei t h er transmit p o wer con s u m ption or transmit spectral purity respe ctivel y . b o t h pl ls featu re a p r o g r amm a bl e b a ndwi d t h setting wh er e o n e o f f ou r di s cr e te p r e s et ba n d wi d t hs ma y be a c c e sse d. fo r r efe r enc e t he r el a tiv e p e rfo r ma n c e o f b ot h l ow co n s um p t ion a nd l o w p h a s e n o ise p l l s , f or e a c h pr o g r am m ab le b a n d wi d th s e tti ng , is s h o w n in t he f oll o wi n g fi g u r e. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 25 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet fi g ure 5. t y pical ph a s e noise per f orma n c es of the low consump t ion a nd low ph a s e noise pl l s . note in re c ei v e mode, only the l o w co ns um p ti on pl l i s av aila b l e. t h e RFM92W/93w p ll use s a 1 9 - bi t sig m a - del t a m od u lato r wh o s e f r eq u e n c y res o lution , c o ns t a nt ove r t he w h ol e fr e qu e ncy r a n g e, is gi v en b y: f xo s c f st e p = --------- - ---- - - 2 19 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 26 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t h e ca r ri er fre q u e nc y i s pr o g r am m e d th r ou gh reg f r f , spli t acr o s s a d dr es s es 0x 06 t o 0 x 0 8 : f r f = f ste p fr f (2 3 , 0 ) note the frf setting is s plit across 3 byt e s . a c hange in the center frequency w ill only be t a ken into account when the lea s t s ignificant byte frflsb in regfr fls b i s w r itte n. t h i s all o w s th e p o t e ntia l fo r us er ge n e r atio n of m - a ry fs k at ve ry l ow bi t r a t e s . t hi s i s p o ssibl e whe re f r eq u e n c y m o dul a t io n i s a c hi eve d b y di r ec t p r o g r a mmin g o f the p r o g ra m me d r f ce n t re f r e q u e nc y . t o en a bl e thi s f u nc ti on ali t y s e t t h e fa st h o po n bit of r eg ist e r r e gpll h o p . 4 .3.4. rc oscill a tor all timing o p e r a t ions in the low - pow e r sleep s t a t e of the t op l eve l s e qu e nce r r el y o n t he ac c u r a c y o f th e inte r n al low - power r c os c i llato r . this os c illator is automatically c alibr a ted at the devi c e power - up not requi r ing any user input. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 27 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 4.4. t ransmitter descri p tion t h e tr a nsmi tt er of RFM92W/93w co m p ri s es t h e f r eq u enc y synth e siz e r , mo d ul a t or ( b ot h lor a tm a nd fsk/ook ) a n d p ower a mp li f ier b lo c ks, t o g e t he r w ith t h e dc bi a si n g a n d r am pi n g f u n c ti o n a lity t h at is pr ovi de d t h r o u g h t h e vr _ p a bl o c k . 4 .4.1. archit e cture descript i on t h e ar c h it e ctu re of t he r f f r on t e n d i s sh own i n t he foll o wi ng di ag r a m. h e r e w e se e t h a t t he u n r eg u late d p a0 i s co n nected to t h e r f o p in f e a t u r es a s in g le low p o w er am pli f ier d e v ic e . th e p a_b oo st p in is c o nn ec t ed to t h e i n te rn ally r eg ul a t e d p a1 an d p a2 ci rc ui t s. he re p a2 i s a hig h powe r am p lifi er th at p e rmi t s contin u o us o p e r atio n up t o + 17 db m a nd d u t y cycled o p e r a ti on u p t o +2 0 db m. f or f u l l de t a il s of o p e r atio n at +2 0 db m pl eas e co n s ult sectio n 4 . 4 . 3. l n a r f i r e c e i v e r c h a i n p a 0 r f o p a 1 l o c a l o s c ill a t o r p a _ b o o s t p a 2 fig u r e 6. r f f r o n t - en d a r chitectur e shows the internal p a configuration. 4 .4.2. rf power amplif i ers t h r e e p o we r a mplifie r bl ocks , p a0 - p a2, a re avail a bl e i n the RFM92W/93w . p a0 is a high e f ficiency amplifier ca p able of yi el din g r f p o w er p r og r a m ma ble i n 1 db ste p s fr om - 1 db m t o + 14 dbm di r e ctl y i n t o a 50 oh m l o a d wit h l ow cu r r e n t consump t ion. p a0 is connected to pin rfo ( p in 2 4 ). p a1 an d p a2 a re bot h co n necte d t o pin p a _boos t ( p i n 27 ). there are tw o p o ten t ial configurations of these p o wer a mpl i fi e rs , fixe d o r p r og r am m abl e . i n t he fixe d co n fi g u r atio n t h e y ca n d elive r u p t o + 20 db m. i n p r o g r amm a ble configuration they can provide from +17 db m t o + 2 db m i n 1 db p r og r a m ma ble st e p s . natu r al l y , lo w im p e d anc e m atc hi ng a n d h a r m on ic f ilt e ri n g is r e q u i r ed t o e n s u re rf po wer de li ve ry a n d r e gul a t o r y c o mpli a nce . (s e e th e a p plication s secti on of this do c ument for more de t ails). t a ble 1 0 power amplifi e r mo d e sel e cti o n t ruth t able paselect mode p ower range pout formula 0 p a0 o u t p u t o n p in r fo - 1 to +14 dbm - 1 dbm + outputpower 1 p a1 a n d p a2 com b ined o n p in p a_boost +2 to +17 dbm +2 dbm + outputpower 1 p a1+ p a2 on p a_boost w ith h igh o u t p ut p o wer + 2 0 dbm settin g s (see 4.4.3) +5 to +20 dbm +5 db m + outputpower n o t es - f or +2 0 db m r estriction s o n o pe r a t ion please consult the fo l lowing section. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 28 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet - t o ensu r e cor r e c t operation at the highest power levels ensure that the cur r ent limiter ocp t rim is adjust ed to permit delive r y of the req u isite supply cur r e n t. - if t h e p a _b oo st pin is n o t u s ed it m a y be l e f t fl oa ti n g. 4 .4.3. hi g h power + 2 0 dbm operation the RFM92W/93w has a high power + 20 dbm ca p a bili t y on p a_boost pin, with the follo w ing s ettings: t a b le 1 1 high power se t tings r e g i s t er addr e s s v a l u e for high p o wer default v a lue p a0 o r + 17 d bm de s c ription r e gpad a c 0x5a 0x87 0x84 hi g h p o w e r p a c o n t r o l n o t e - hig h p o w er setti n g s mus t be t u r n e d o f f w h e n u si ng p a0 - the over current pro t e c tion li mit sho u ld be adapted to the a c tual p o wer level, in regocp s pecific absolute maximum ratings and o pe r atin g r a ng e restrictio ns a p pl y t o t he + 20 db m o p e r ation . th ey a r e liste d in t a b le 1 2 a n d t a ble 1 3. t a ble 1 2 op e rating range, + 20dbm oper a tion symbol d esc r i p ti o n min max unit dc _ 20 d bm d u ty cycle of tra n sm i s s i on at +20 dbm output - 1 % vsw r _20 d bm maximum vswr at a n ten n a p o rt, + 2 0 dbm o u t p ut - 3 :1 - t a ble 1 3 op e rating range, + 20dbm oper a tion symbol d esc r i p ti o n min max unit vdd o p_ 2 0dbm s u p ply vol t ag e , + 2 0 dbm o u t p ut 2.4 3 .7 v the duty cycle of transmission at +20 dbm is limited to 1% , wit h a m a xi m u m vsw r o f 3 : 1 at a n t e nn a p o r t , ove r the s t a nd a r d o pe r atin g ra n g e [ - 4 0;+85 c] . fo r a n y othe r op e r a t ing c on di t io n , c o n t a ct y o u r hope rf re p r e s e n t a t iv e . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 29 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 4 .4.4. over current protecti o n t h e p o w er a m plifie rs o f RFM92W/93w a r e p r otecte d a gai n s t c u r r e n t ove r su p pl y i n a dve r s e r f lo ad c o nditio n s b y t he over current protection block. this has the added benef it of protecting battery chemi s tri e s with limited peak current c a p ability a n d m i n imi s ing w o rst ca s e p a c on su mp ti o n in b a t t e r y life c a l c ulation. the current limiter value is controlled by the o c p t rim bi t s in regoc p , and is calcul a t ed accordi n g to the follo w ing formulae: t a ble 1 4 t rimming o f the ocp c u rrent oc p t rim i m a x imax f o rm u la 0 to 15 4 5 t o 1 2 0 ma 4 5 + 5 * oc p t rim [ma] 16 to 27 130 to 2 4 0 ma - 3 0 + 10* ocptrim [ma] 27+ 2 4 0 ma 2 40 ma note imax se t s a limit on the cur r e n t drain of the p o wer amplifier o n l y , h e n c e the maximum current drain of the rfm92 / 73 is equal to imax + i fs . 4.5. receiver descripti o n 4 .5.1. overvi e w the RFM92W/93w fea t u r es a digi t a l receiver with the analog to di gi t a l c o nve r sio n p r oces s b ein g p e r f o rm ed di r ectl y f o llowi ng t he lna - mixe rs bl ock . i n ad d itio n t o t he lora t m mo d u la t ion sc he me t h e l o w - if recei v er is able to demodulate a s k, ook, ( g ) fs k an d ( g ) ms k m od u latio n . al l filte r in g, d e mo d ul a ti o n , g ai n co n t r ol , synch r o n iz at io n a nd p a ck et h a ndli n g is performed d igi t a lly allowing a h i gh degree of programmable flexi b ilit y . the receiver al s o has a u tomatic gain calibration, this i m p r ove s t he p r ecisi o n o f rss i m ea su re m en t a nd en h a n c es im a g e r ejectio n . 4 .5.2. re c eiver enab l ed and re c eiver active s t ates in t h e r e c ei v er o pe r a ti n g mo de t w o s t a t es of f u n c ti o n a lity ar e de fin ed . u po n i n iti a l t r a n si t ion to r e c e iv e r op e r a t ing m o d e t h e r e c e iver is in t h e ? r e c eiv er - e n a bl ed ? s t a t e. i n t h is s t a te t he r e c e iver aw a i t s f o r e it h er the u s er de fi n ed valid p r e am ble or r s si d etectio n crit e r io n t o b e fulfilled . onc e m et t he r e c e iv er e n t e r s ?receiver - a ctive? s t ate. in t h is s e c o nd s t a t e t h e r e c e iv e d si g na l i s p r ocess ed b y th e p a c ket en g in e an d to p leve l s e q u ence r . f or a co m plet e descri p tion of the digi t al fun c tions of the RFM92W/93w receiver ple a se see section 4.5 of the d a t a she e t. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 30 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet figure 7. receiver block di a gram 4 .5.3. aut o matic gain control in fsk/ook mode t h e agc f e a t u r e a ll o ws r e c ei v er to h an d l e a wid e r x i n pu t dyn a mi c r a ng e f r o m th e s en siti v ity level up to maximum input level of 0 d bm or mor e , whilst optimizing the system lin e a rit y . t h e foll o wi ng t a ble s h ow s typica l n f an d iip 3 pe r fo r ma n c es fo r th e RFM92W/93w ln a g ain s avail a ble. t a ble 1 5 lna gain control and p e rform a nces rx in p u t level (pi n ) g a in set t ing l n a g a i n relative lna g a i n [ d b] nf [db] i i p3 [dbm] p i n <= ag ct hre sh 1 g1 ?0 0 1 ? 0 db 7 - 12 ag c t hr es h1 < pi n < = a gc t h r es h2 g2 ?0 1 0 ? - 6 db 1 1 - 8 ag c t hr es h2 < pi n < = a gc t h r es h3 g3 ? 0 1 1 ? - 12 d b 16 - 5 ag c t hr es h3 < pi n < = a gc t h r es h4 g4 ? 1 0 0 ? - 2 4 db 2 6 5 ag c t hr es h4 < pi n < = a gc t h r es h5 g5 ? 1 10? - 26 d b 34 10 ag c t hresh5 < pin g6 ? 1 1 1 ? - 48 d b 44 10 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 31 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet towards - 1 25 dbm agcstep1 a g cs te p 2 agc s te p 3 a gc s tep4 a gc s tep5 pin [db m ] g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 hi g her se n s i t ivity l o wer l in e ari t y low e r n o ise f i gure lo w er s e nsit i v i t y hi g her li n ear i t y hi g h e r no i s e fi g ure f igure 8. agc s te p s definition t h e gl ob al ag c r efe r ence , r e f e r e nc e al l ag c thre s hold s , is determined as follo w s: a gc referen c e [d b m ] = - 174 dbm + 10 * log(2 * r x b w ) + snr + agc r eferencelevel wit h sn r = 8 db (c onsi d er ed a fix ed valu e ) . a d e t ail ed descri p t i o n o f t he r e c e ive r setu p t o e na b l e t he ag c i s p r ovid e d i n sect i o n 9.3. 4 .5.4. rssi in fsk/ook mode t h e rss i p r o vi d e s a me as ur e o f t he inco mi n g sig n a l p o w er at rf inp u t port, measured within the receiver bandwi d th. the sig na l p o w e r is a v ail ab le in rs s i v alu e . this value is absolute in u n i t s of dbm a n d wit h a r esol u ti on o f 0. 5 db. t he fo r mula b el ow r elate s th e r e giste r val ue t o t he abs ol u t e inp u t signal level at the rf inp u t p o rt: rssivalue = ? 2 ? rf level [ db m ] + rssioffset [ d b ] t h e rssi v al u e c a n be c o mp e n s a t e d to t a ke i n to a cc ou nt t h e l o ss in the m a t c hi n g n e t w o r k o r e ven the g a in of a n a d ditional lna by using r ssi o f f se t . t he o f fs et c an b e chose n i n 1 d b st e p s fr om - 1 6 t o + 15 db . whe n com p ensatio n is a p plied, the e f fective signal str e n g th is read as follows: rssi [ db m ] = ? rssivalue 2 t h e rss i v a lu e i s sm o othe d o n a use r d e fi n e d n um b e r o f me as ur ed rss i sa m pl es. the precision of the rssi value is r e la t ed to the num b e r of rssi s am pl e s u s e d . rssismoothing s e l e c t s t h e n um b e r of rs s i s a mp les f r om a mi n i m um o f 2 s a mpl es up t o 25 6 s a mpl es i n incr e me n t s of p owe r o f 2. t a b le 1 6 give s t he estimatio n o f t he rss i accu r ac y fo r a 10 db snr and r e spo n se time ver s us the n u mber of rssi samples p r o g rammed in r s sismoothing . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 32 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t a ble 1 6 rssismoot h ing options r s sis m oothing numb e r of samples e s t i m a t e d ac c ur a cy r e sp on s e t ime ? 000? 2 6 db 2 ( rssismoot h ing + 1 ) 4 ? rxb w [ kh z ] [ m s ] ? 001? 4 5 db ? 010? 8 4 db ?0 1 1 ? 1 6 3 db ? 100? 32 2 db ? 101? 64 1.5 db ? 1 1 0 ? 1 28 1.2 db ? 11 1 ? 2 56 1.1 db t h e rss i i s c a libr a te d whe n t he ima ge a nd rss i c a lib r at i on process is lau n che d . ple a se see section for d e t ails. 4 .5.5. rssi in lora tm mode t h e rss i val u e s r e po r te d b y th e lor a tm m o d em d i f f er f r om t h o se e xp re ss e d by t h e f sk / o o k mo d em . th e f oll o wi n g formula s hows the method used to interpret t he lor a tm rssi values. r s s i [ d b m ] = C 120 + r s si 4 .5.6. ch a nnel fi l ter the r o le of the cha n n e l filter i s t o r ejec t n o is e an d inte rf er e nc e o u t s id e o f t he wa n t ed cha n n e l . t h e RFM92W/93w c h a n nel filte r in g i s i m ple m ente d wit h a 1 6 - t a p finit e i mp u ls e r e s p ons e (fi r ) filte r . r e ject i o n of th e filt er i s hi gh e no u g h t h a t t he f i lter sto p - b an d pe r fo r ma n c e i s n o t th e d omi n a nt i n fl u e n c e o n a dj a ce nt channel r e jection performan c e. this is instead limited by t he RFM92W/93w pl l p h as e n o is e. n o t e t o r esp e c t s a mpli n g c r it e ri on i n th e d e cimatio n ch ain of t he r e c e iv e r , t he c o mmu ni c a tio n bi t r at e c a nn ot b e se t at a higher than twice the sin g le side r e ceiver bandwi d th (bitrate < 2 x rxbw) t h e p ro g r a mm ed si n gl e sid e b a n dwi d t h rx b w of the channel filter is dete r mi n e d b y t he p a r am e t e r s r x b w ma nt a nd rxbwexp in r e g rxb w: r xb w = - - ----------------- f x osc ---------- - - ---------------- - ----------------- rx b wman t 2 rxb w e x p + 2 the follo w ing channel filter band w i d ths are hen c e ac ces sible in the case of a 32 mhz referen c e o s cillato r . t a ble 1 7 a v aila b le rxbw settings rxbwmant (bina r y/valu e ) r x bwexp (decimal) rxbw ( k hz) f sk / o o k 10b / 24 7 2 .6 01b / 20 7 3 .1 00b / 16 7 3 .9 10b / 24 6 5 .2 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 33 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 01b / 20 6 6 .3 0 0b / 16 6 7 .8 10b / 24 5 1 0 . 4 01b / 20 5 1 2 . 5 00b / 16 5 1 5 . 6 10b / 24 4 2 0 . 8 01b / 20 4 2 5 . 0 00b / 16 4 3 1 . 3 10b / 24 3 4 1 . 7 01b / 20 3 5 0 . 0 00b / 16 3 6 2 . 5 10b / 24 2 8 3 . 3 01b / 20 2 1 00.0 00b / 16 2 1 25.0 10b / 24 1 1 66.7 01b / 20 1 2 00.0 00b / 16 1 2 50.0 other sett i ngs r e s e rved 4 .5.7. t e m perature measurem e nt a s t a n d a lo n e t e mp e r a t u r e m e a s u r em e n t b lo c k is us e d in o r d e r t o m e asu re th e tem p e r atu re i n a ny m o d e exc e p t sle ep a n d s t a n d b y . i t is e n a b l e d b y de f a u lt , a n d ca n b e stop p e d by s e ttin g t empmonitor o ff to 1. the r e sult of the measurement is stored in t em p v a lue in reg t e m p . due to process varia t ions, the absol u te a c cur a cy of the r e sult is + / - 10 c . hi g h e r p r e cisi o n r e q ui re s a c a lib r a t ion p r o c e du re at a k n o w n t e mp e r a t u r e. t he f ig u re be lo w s h o w s t h e i n fl u e n ce o f j u st s u ch a c a lib r a t ion p r o c e ss. f or mo re i n f o r m a t io n , includi n g source code, ple a se consult the applicatio n s section of this d o cument. f igure 9. t emperat u re sensor res p onse t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 34 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 5. spi interface t h e sp i inte rf ac e give s a cces s t o t he c o nfig u r a ti on re gi st er vi a a sy nc hr o n o u s full - d u ple x pr ot oco l c o r r esp o ndi n g to cpol = 0 and cpha = 0 in m o tor o la/fr e e s cale n o menclatur e . only the slave side is i m ple m ented. t h r e e acces s m od es t o th e r egist e rs a re p r ovid e d : ? singl e ac c e ss : a n a d d r es s byt e foll o w ed by a da t a byt e i s se nt f or a w r it e acces s whe r e as a n ad d r e s s b yt e i s s e n t a nd a r ea d byt e i s r e c e iv ed f or t he r e ad a ccess . t he ns s pin g oe s lo w a t t he b egi n ni ng of t he f r am e a n d go es hi gh a f te r t he da t a byte. ? burst access: the address byte is followed by sever a l d a t a b y te s . th e a d dr ess is a u t o ma t i cally incremented internally b e twe e n e a ch da t a byte. this mode is avail a ble for b o th r e a d a n d writ e accesses . t he ns s pi n g o es lo w a t t he begi n n ing of the f rame a n d s t ay low between each b y t e . i t g o e s hi g h o nl y a f t e r th e l a s t byt e t r ansfe r . ? fifo ac c e s s: if the address b y te cor r e s ponds to the address of the fifo, then s u c ceeding da t a byte will address the fifo . th e a d d r es s i s no t a utom a tic a ll y incr e me n t ed b u t i s m e mo ri ze d an d d o e s n o t n e e d t o b e se nt b etwee n e a c h d a t a b yte . th e ns s pi n g o e s lo w at th e b e gi nni n g o f t he f r a me an d s t ay l o w be tw e en e a c h b y t e . it g o e s hi g h o n ly a f t e r t h e last byte transfe r . the figure b e low shows a typical spi single access to a r egiste r . fig u re 10. spi ti ming dia g ram (single access) mosi is generated by the ma s ter on the falling edge of sck and is s ampled by the slave (i.e. this spi interface) on the rising edge of sck. miso is generated by the sla v e on the falling edge of sc k . a tra n sfer is always s t arted by the nss pin g o ing lo w . m is o i s hig h imp e da n c e w h e n ns s i s hig h . the first byte is the address byte. it is comprises: ? a w n r bi t , w hi c h is 1 f o r wri t e a c ce s s an d 0 f or r e a d a c c e ss. ? then 7 bi t s of address, msb fir s t. th e second byte is a da t a byte, either s en t o n mos i b y t he maste r i n cas e o f a writ e a cces s o r r eceiv ed b y t he m a ste r on m is o i n c a s e of r ea d ac c e ss . t h e d a t a byt e i s tr a nsmitte d ms b fi rs t. p r oce e di ng byte s m ay b e s e n t o n mos i ( f or w r it e access ) or r eceiv e d o n mis o (f o r r e a d access) without a rising nss edge and re - sending the addre s s. in fifo mode, if t h e address was the fifo addre s s t h en the bytes will be written / read at the fifo address. in bur s t mode, if the address was not the fifo a d d r e s s, then it i s a u tomatically increme n ted for each n e w b y t e r e c e i v e d . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 35 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t h e fr a m e en ds wh en ns s go es hi g h . t h e n e x t f r am e m us t s t art with an a d d r ess b y te. the single access mode is t h er ef or e a s p ecia l cas e o f f i fo / burs t m o d e wit h o n l y 1 d a t a byt e t r a n sf e r r ed. d u ri ng th e w r it e a ccess , t he b yt e t r ansfe r r ed fr om th e s l av e t o th e m a ste r o n th e mis o lin e i s t he val ue of t he written r e gi s ter b e f o r e t h e wri t e o p e ra tio n . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 36 RFM92W/93w s f 7 s f 1 2 wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 6. introduction t o the l o ra tm modem and i t s ca p abilities t h e lora tm m od em use s sp r ea d s p ectr um mo d ulati on a nd fo r w a r d e r r o r c o r r e cti o n t e ch n i q u e s t o i n c r e a se t h e r a n g e a n d r o b u stness of radio communication links com p ared to tradi tio n a l fs k or oo k b a s ed m od u latio n . exam pl e s o f the p e r f o r m anc e im p rov e me nt possibl e , f or seve r a l p ossibl e setti n gs , a re s u mm a rise d i n th e t a ble b el o w . h e r e th e sp r ea d ing f a cto r an d e r r or co r rectio n r at e a r e d esig n v a ri a ble s tha t all o w th e desi g ne r t o optimis e th e t r a d e - o f f b e tw e e n o ccu pi ed b a n dwi d t h, d a t a r a t e, li nk b u dg et im p r o v e me nt a n d im m unit y t o i n t e rfe r e n c e. t a ble 1 8 example l o r a tm mod e m perf o rmances bandwi d th (khz) s pr e a d i n g f a ctor c o d i ng rate n o mi n a l rb ( b p s ) se n s i tivity (dbm) snr min (db) 125 7 4 /5 5 4 69 - 1 24 tbc 125 12 4/5 293 - 1 36 tbc 250 7 4 /5 1 0938 - 1 20 tbc 250 12 4/5 586 - 1 33 tbc 500 7 4 /5 2 1875 - 1 17 tbc 500 12 4/5 1 172 - 1 30 tbc t ypically such performan c e gains require high s t ability frequency references, with lor a tm t h i s i s n ot th e c a s e. th e fig u re b el ow sh ows th e lin k b u dg et i m p r ovem e n t a s a fu n ctio n o f th e fr e q u enc y o f fs et b etw e e n lor a tm t r a n s m itte r a nd r eceive r . l o w c r ys t al to l er a nce s a re easil y acc o mm o date d r e d ucin g th e ov er a l l b om c o s t fo r a gi v en inc r eas e i n li nk b u dg e t. 1 0 . 9 0 . 8 0 . 7 0 . 6 0 . 5 0 . 4 0 . 3 0 . 2 0 . 1 0 - 100 - 8 0 - 60 - 40 - 2 0 0 20 4 0 60 8 0 100 pp m o ff s e t fi g ure 1 1. i n flue n ce o f frequ e ncy dri f t o n lor a tm mod e m sensitivi t y (sf = 7 , bw = 500 khz & f = 915 mhz) f o r eur o p e a n o pe r atio n th e r a n g e of c r ys t al t o le r ance s a cce p t a b l e fo r eac h s u b - b a nd ( o f t he er c 7 0 - 0 3) i s give n i n the specificati o ns t a ble. for us based operation a fre q ue n cy hoppi n g mode is avail a ble t h a t aut o mate s b o t h th e lor a tm spread s p ect r u m a n d fr e qu e nc y h op p in g sp r e ad s p ectru m p r o c e ss e s. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 37 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet another imp o r t ant facet of the l o ra t m modem is i t s increased imm u ni t y t o i n t e rfe r e n c e. th e l o ra t m m o d em i s c a p a bl e of co - channel gmsk rejection of up to 25 db. t h is immunity to i n t e r f e r e n ce p e r m i t s t h e si mp le c o e x ist en ce o f lora tm m od u late d syst e ms eith er i n b a n d s of he a v y s p ectra l usa ge o r i n hyb r i d c o mm u n i cation netwo r ks that use lor a tm t o ext e nd r a n g e w h en l e g a cy m o du lati o n s c h em es f a il. 7. link design using the l o ra t m m o d e m 7.1. overview t h e lor a tm m o de m i s s e t up a s s h ow n i n t he followi n g fi g u r e . t h i s co n fi g u r atio n p e r mi t s th e sim p l e r e place m en t o f t he fsk m od em wit h th e lor a tm m od em vi a t he co nf igu r atio n r e giste r setti ng r e g o p mo d e . thi s c h an ge ca n b e p e rfo r m ed on the fly ( in s le e p o p e r a t ing m o de ) t h u s pe r mittin g th e us e o f b o t h s t a n d ar d fs k o r oo k i n co nj unctio n wit h th e lon g ra n g e ca p abilit y . the lora t m mo d ulatio n a nd d e mo d ulati on p r oces s i s p r o p ri e t a r y , i t u s es a f o r m o f s p r e a d sp ec t r u m m od u lation c o mbi n e d wit h cycli c e r r or co r r e ctio n c o di n g . th e c o mbi n e d i n fl uen c e o f t h es e tw o f a ct o r s i s an i n c r e a s e i n lin k b u dg et a n d e n h an c e d i mmu ni t y to i n t e r f e r e n c e . fi g ure 12. lor a tm mo d em co n nect i v i ty t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 38 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet a sim p lified outli n e of the tra n smit and r e ceive process e s is a lso s h o wn a b o v e. h e r e we s e e t ha t t h e lor a tm m od em h a s an independent dual port da t a b u f fer fifo that is a c cessed through the an spi inter f a c e com m on to all modes. upon selection of lora tm m od e, th e co nf igu r atio n r e gi st er m a ppi n g o f t he RFM92W/93w changes. for full de t ails of this change ple ase consult the register description of section 13. so that it is po s sible to optimise the l o ra t m m od u latio n f or a gi v en a p plicatio n , a cces s i s gi v en t o th e d esig n e r t o th r e e c r itic al d e s i g n p a r a mete rs. eac h on e p e r mitti ng a t r ad e o f f b etwee n li nk b u dg e t , immu ni t y t o i n t e rfe r e n c e, spectr al oc c u p a nc y a n d n o min al da t a r ate . th e s e p a r a mete rs a r e sp r ea d in g facto r , m od u latio n b an d wi d th a nd e r r or codi n g r a t e. 7.2. s preading factor t h e s p r e a d s p ectr um lor a tm m o d u latio n i s pe r fo r me d b y r ep r ese n tin g eac h bi t of p a yload information by multiple c hi p s of information. the r a te at which the spread infor m ation is sent is referred to as the s ymbol r a te ( r s), t h e r a ti o b e twe en t h e n omi n a l sy m bo l r a t e an d chi p r at e i s th e sp r e a di ng f a cto r an d r e p r e s e n t s th e n um b e r of sy m b ol s s e n t pe r bit of info r mati o n. t h e r an ge o f v a lu es accessibl e wit h t he lor a tm m od em a re s h ow n i n th e foll o w i n g t a bl e. t a ble 1 9 r a nge of spreading factors spr e adi n g f actor (regmodulationcfg) s p r eadi n g factor (ch i p s / s ym b o l) 7 1 2 8 8 2 5 6 9 5 1 2 10 10 2 4 11 20 4 8 12 40 9 6 n o t e th at th e sp r ea d in g facto r , s p r e a d i n g fa ct o r , m ust b e k n o w n in a d v a n c e on bo th t r a n s m it a n d r e c e ive si de s o f t h e li n k as di f f e r e nt sp r ea d in g facto rs a re o r tho g o n a l t o e ac h oth e r . 7.3. c o ding rate t o fu r t h e r i m p r ov e t he r o bustne s s of th e li nk th e lor a tm mo d e m e m p l o ys cy c lic e r r or c o d ing t o p e r f o r m f o r w a r d e r r o r d etectio n a nd co r r e ctio n. suc h e r r o r co di n g incu rs a tr a nsmissio n ove r he ad - th e r esul t a nt a d dition a l d a t a ove r he ad p e r transmission is shown in the t able belo w . t a ble 2 0 cyclic c o ding overhead c o d i n g rate (re g t x cfg 1 ) c yc lic c o d i ng rate o v erhead ratio 1 4/5 1.25 2 4/6 1 . 5 3 4/7 1.75 4 4/8 2 for w ard error corre c tion is p a rticularly e f ficient in improving the reliability of the link in the presence of interferenc e. so that t he c o di ng r a t e ( a nd s o r o bustn e s s t o inte r f e r e nce ) ca n b e ch a ng ed i n r esp o ns e t o c h an n e l con d ition s - th e co di n g r at e can t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 39 RFM92W/93w r s = wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet o ptio n all y be inclu d e d i n th e p ack et h e a d e r fo r u s e by t he r e c e ive r . pleas e c o n s ult sectio n 7. 6 fo r m o r e i n f o rm a tio n o n the l o ra t m p a cket and h e ade r . 7.4. signal bandwi d th a n i n c r e a s e i n sign a l b an d wi d t h p e rmi t s t he use of a hig h e r e f fecti v e da t a rate, thus redu c ing transmission time at the ex pe n s e o f r e duce d s e nsitivit y imp r ove m e nt . t he re a r e of co u rs e r e g ulato ry c o nst r ai n t s i n mos t c o unt ri e s o n the p e r m is s ible o c c u pi e d ba n d wi d t h. c o n t r a ry t o t he f sk m o de m w hi c h is d e sc r ib e d in t e r ms of t h e s in g le s id eb a n d b a n d wi d th, t h e lor a tm mo d e m b a n dwi d t h r e f e r s t o th e do u bl e s i de b a n d b a ndwi d t h ( o r t o t a l ch a n n e l b a n d wi d t h ). t h e ra n g e of bandwi d ths relevant to most r e g u latory situa t ions is given in the lor a tm mod e m specifications t a ble (se e s e ctio n 2.4.5 ). bandwi d th (khz) s pr e ad ing f a ctor c o d i ng ra t e nomin a l rb ( b p s ) se n s i tivity (d bm) 1 2 5 12 4/5 293 - 1 36 2 5 0 12 4/5 586 - 1 33 5 0 0 12 4/5 1 172 - 1 30 7.5. lor a tm t r ansmission parameter relati o nship wit h a kn o wl e dg e of th e ke y p a r am e t e r s t h a t c a n be c on tr o ll e d b y t h e us e r we d e f ine t h e lor a tm symbol r a te as: bw ---- - - - - 2 s f w h e r e b w i s t he p r og r a m me d b a n dwi d t h a n d s f i s t he spr e a d in g facto r . t he tr a nsmitt ed s i gnal is a con s t ant envel o p e signal. equiva l entl y , o n e chip is sen t pe r s e c o n d p e r h z of b an d wi d t h. 7.6. lora tm packet s tr u cture t h e lora tm modem employs two typ e s of p ack et for m at, e x plicit a n d im p licit . th e ex plici t p acke t inclu d e s a s h o rt h ea d er t h a t con t ai n s i n f o rm a ti on ab o u t th e n u m ber of byt e s , c o din g r at e a n d w h eth er a cr c i s use d i n t he p acket . th e p acket format is shown in the following figure. t h e lor a tm p a cket compri s es three elemen t s: ? a p r e a mbl e. ? a n o ptio n a l he a d e r . ? t h e d a t a p aylo a d. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 40 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet figure 1 3 . lora tm p a c k et s truc t ure 7 .6.1. pre a mble t h e p re a mbl e i s use d t o synch r on i z e r eceive r wit h th e i n c o m i n g da t a flo w . alt h o u g h b y d e f a ult , i t c o nsis t s o f a 1 2 symb ol l o n g se q ue n c e - th e r eceive r d oe s no t r e q ui re k n owle d g e o f th e p r e amb l e l e n g t h. th e p re a mbl e l e n g t h m ay b e exte n de d in the inter e st of r e d u cing to r e ceiver duty c y cle in re c ei v e intensive applications. howeve r , t he minimum length s u f fices for all c o mmu ni cation . th e tr a nsmitt ed p r ea m bl e le n gt h ma y be c h a n ge d by s e tti ng t he r e gi st er pre a mbl e l e ngt h f r om 12 t o 3 2 7 68 . 7 .6.2. he a der d e pe n din g u p on t he c h ose n m o d e o f op e r a ti on tw o ty p e s of h e a d e r a re avail a bl e. th e h ea d e r typ e i s sel e ct ed by the im p licthe a de r m o d e bit found within the r e gsymb t ime o utmsb registe r . 7. 6 . 2 . 1 . ex p licit h e a d er mo de t h is i s the default mode of o p e r a t ion. here the h ea d e r p r o vi d e s info r matio n on t he p ayloa d , n am e ly: ? t he p ayloa d len g t h i n byt e s. ? t h e f o r w a r d e r r o r c o r r e c tion c o d e r a te ? t he p r ese n c e of an opti o na l 1 6 - b i t s cr c fo r th e p ayl o ad. t h e h ea d e r i s t r a n s m itte d wit h m a xi m u m e r r or co r r e ctio n c o de ( 4 /8). it also h a s i t s own crc to all o w the r e ceiver to dis c a r d in v alid h e ad e r s. 7. 6.2.2 . implici t h e ad er m o de in cer t ain scenario s , where the p a yload, coding r a te a n d cr c pr es enc e a re fix ed o r k n ow n i n a d v a nce , i t ma y be a dva n t ag e o us t o r ed u c e t r a n smissio n tim e b y i n vokin g im p lici t h e a d e r m od e. i n thi s mo de t he h e a d e r i s r e move d f r o m the p a cket . i n th i s cas e th e p aylo ad le n gth , er r o r c o di ng r a t e a n d p r e s e nc e o f th e p aylo ad cr c mus t b e m a nu a ll y co nf igu r ed on b o t h sid e s of t h e r a dio li n k. 7 .6.3. p a yload t h e p a cke t p aylo ad i s a va ri a b le - l e n g t h fi eld th at co n t ai ns th e a c tua l d a t a c o de d a t t he e r r o r r a te e ither as spe c ified in the h e a de r in e x pli c it mo de or in t he re gis t er s e t ti n gs in impl i ci t m od e. a n optio n a l cr c m a y b e a pp e n d ed . f o r m o re information on the p a yload a n d h o w i t is loaded from t he da t a b u f f e r fif o pl e a s e se e s e cti on 8.3. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 41 RFM92W/93w s f wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 7.7. t i me on air f o r a give n co m bin a t i o n o f sp r e a din g facto r (s f) , c o din g r at e (cr ) a nd sig n a l b a ndwi d t h (b w ) t he to t a l o n - t h e - air transmission time of a lor a tm p a cket can be calculat e d as fol l ows: wit h s t an d a rd h e ad e r: wh ere: t o ta lt im eo n a i r = - n --- - b -- - _ --- - s - - y -- - m ---- - b -- - o --- - l - - _ -- - h -- - e -- - a --- - d -- - e -- - r -- - _ -- - w ---- - p -- - a -- - y -- - l - - o --- - a -- - d - - -- - --- - 2 ------ - - bw nb _ s y mbo l _ he a der _ wp a y loa d = n b _ s y mbo l _ payl o a d + prea m b _ sy m b + 4.25 + 8 w h er e preamb_sym b i s t he nu m be r o f p r o g r amm ed p r e a mbl e symb o ls. nb _ symbo l _ p a yloa d = cei l ( nb _ symbo l _ p a yloa d _ fra c , 4 + c r ) wh er e c e il is t h e f u n cti o n t h at ro u n ds to the integer multiple of 4+cr immediately superior to the fractional first p aramete r . a n d: where: nb _ s y mbo l _ p a y l o a d _ fra c = ( -- - p --- - l ---- - ---- - 8 --- - + -- - - - 1 -- - 6 ---- ---- - c -- - - - r --- - c --- - ( - - C --- - 4 - -- - ---- - ( - - s --- - f -- - - - C --- - 7 --- - ) - - ) -- - ) - - - ---- - ( - - 4 ---- - + -- - - - c --- - r ---- - ) - - ) - ( 4 s f ) ? crc = 0 or 1, 16 bi t s p a y load che c ksum enabled (1) or not (0) ? cr = 0 or 4 : coding r a te of the p a yload with r a tio = 4/( 4+cr ). cr= 4 =m ax co di n g r ed u n d anc y , c r = 0 m e a ns n o e r r o r correc t ion. ? pl = 1 to 255, n u mber of bytes of the p a yload ( u ser d a t a ) i n im p lici t h e a d e r m o d e th e fo r m ul a e a re id e ntica l ba r n b _symb o l_ p aylo a d_f r a c which become s : n b _ symbo l _ payload _ fra c = ( -- - p --- - l ---- - ---- - 8 --- - + ---- - 1 -- - 6 --- - ? - --- - c --- - r --- - c --- - - - C --- - 4 ---- - --- - ( - - - s -- - f ---- - C ---- - 2 -- - ) -- - ) -- - ---- - ( - - 4 --- - - + ---- - c --- - r --- - ) - ( 4 s f ) 7.8. frequency hopping with lor a tm t h e d u r a ti on o f a singl e p acke t co uld exc e e d r eg u lato ry r e q u ir e me n t s r e latin g t o t he m aximu m p e r m it t a bl e cha n n el dw ell tim e . t o e a s e im pl em e n t ati on a n d ensu re c o ntin u e d c o mpli a nc e w h e n op e r a ti ng i n fr e qu e nc y h o ppi n g s p r e a d s p ect r um (fhss) mode ( fhssmode o f r e gi ste r r egtxcfg 1 ) c an b e e n a b led. 7 .8.1. prin c iple of operation t h e pr i ncipl e be h in d t he fhs s sc he m e i s t h a t a po r tio n of eac h lor a tm p ack et i s t r ansmitte d o n eac h ho p pin g cha n n el f r o m a loo k up t abl e of f r e q u e ncie s m a n a ge d b y t he h os t mic r ocont r olle r . a f t er a p r e det e rmi n e d h o ppi n g pe r io d the transmitter changes to the next cha n n e l i n a p r edefined list of hopping fre q uencies and con t inues transmitting the n e xt symbol of the p a cket. the time w hi c h the tran s mi s sion will la s t in any given c hannel is determined by hopping p erio d wh i c h is an integer multi p l e o f symb ol p e ri o d s: hoppingperio d = t s f reqho p pi n gperiod where: t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 42 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t s = - - 1 - - - rs t h e f r e q ue n c y ho p pin g tr a nsmissio n an d r eceptio n p roc e s s s t a r t s a t ch a nn el 0, f o llowin g e a c h fr e qu e nc y h op th e cha n n el c o unte r sto r e d i n fhss p resent c hannel is incremented and the inter r u p t signal f h sscha n g e c h an n e l i s g e n er a ted . u p on completion of the transmission on any given channel t he c o m p ani o n micr o c o ntr o lle r m us t h e nc e r e a d the f hssp r ese n tc h an n e l v a lu e a n d l o a d th e co r r e s p o n din g r f cent re f r e q u e nc y int o th e f r f r e gi s te r . f h ss recepti o n always s t ar t s on channel 0. the r e ceiver wai t s fo r a v a li d p r e a mbl e d etecti on b e f o r e s t a r tin g the frequen c y hopping process as described abo v e. note that in the e v entuality of header crc c orruption, the re c eiver will a uto m atic a ll y r eq u es t ch a n n e l 0 an d rec o mme n c e t he v a li d p r e a mbl e d etecti on p r ocess. 7 .8.2. t iming of channel u p dates t h e inte r r u p t r e q u esti ng t he ch a nn el ch a ng e, fh ss c h a n ne lc h a n g e , i s g e ne r ate d a t l e as t 1 m s be f or e the next frequency v a lu e m u s t be writt en - all o wi ng am ple ti me f or mos t mc u s t o u p dat e th e r egiste r . t h e f r e q ue n c y ho p pi ng pr oc es s is r eca pi tulate d i n t he dia g r am bel o w: fi g ure 14. interr u p t s ge n erated in the case of successful frequ e ncy hop p ing communication. 8. l o ra t m digi t al interface t h e lor a tm m od em co m p ri s es t h r ee typ es o f di gi t a l inte r f a c e, s t a t ic c on fi g u r a t ion r e gis t e r s, s t atu s r egiste rs a nd a fifo d a t a bu f fe r . all are a c cessed throu g h the RFM92W/93w ? s spi interface - f u l l de t a il s of e ac h ty pe o f r e giste r a r e give n b el o w . f u l l l i stings of the register addresses used for spi access are given in section 13.3. 8.1. lora tm configuration registers c o nfigu r atio n r e gi ste rs a re access ed t h r o ug h th e sp i inte rf a c e . re gi st e r s a r e r e a d abl e i n al l d e vic e m o d e inclu d in g sle e p. h o w e v e r , t h e y sho u l d be writ t e n onl y i n sl e e p an d s t an d - b y mod es . please note that t he a ut o mati c t op le v e l t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 43 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet s eq u en c e r (t ls mod e s ) a r e n o t av a il a bl e i n lor a tm mode a n d t he c on f i g ur a tio n regis t e r map p i ng c han g e s as shown in t able 3 7 . t he co n t e n t o f t he lor a tm c o n f ig u r a ti o n re gis t e r s is re t ai n ed in f s k/ o ok mo d e . fo r t he f u n c ti o n a lity o f m od e r e gi ste rs com m o n t o b ot h fsk/oo k an d lor a tm mo d e , pl e a s e c o n s ult t h e a na log an d r f fr o n t end s e c ti o n of t his d o cument (section 4 ) . 8.2. s t atus registers s t a t us r e gis t e r s p r o vi d e s t a t us in f o r m a ti o n d u ri n g r e c e iver ope r atio n. t h es e r e gi ste rs c an b e r e a d i n al l o p e r atin g mo d e s ex c e p t sl e e p a nd st o r e d a t a r el a t ed t o t he las t r eceiv e o pe r atio n pe r for m ed . th e r e gist e r s a r e auto m atically cle a red of old c o nten t u p o n e a c h ne w t r a n sitio n t o r eceiv e m o d e. 8.3. lora tm mode fifo da t a buffer 8 .3.1. overvi e w t h e RFM92W/93w 2 5 6 b y te f i f o d a t a b u f f er is a s e p a r a t e d e vice t o the f sk / o o k mo de f i f o a n d is a du al p o rt d e vi c e th a t permi t s access t o bo t h transmit t ed and r e ceived da t a . all a c cess to the lor a tm fifo da t a bu f f er is via the spi inter f a c e. a di a g r am of t h e u s er d efi ne d m em o r y ma p p i n g of t h e f i f o d a t a b u f f er is sh o wn b el o w . fig u re 15. lor a tm d a t a buffer 8 .3.2. prin c iple of operation thanks to i t s dual port configu r ation, it is p o ssible to sim u l t aneously store b o th tra n smit and r e ceive information in the d a t a b u f f e r f ifo . t he va ri abl e fifotxbaseaddr spe c ifies the point in mem o ry where the t ransmit infor m a t ion is stored. similarly f or r eceive r op e r a ti on th e fi f o r xbase a ddr is the point in the da t a b u f fer that information w ill be written to in event of a r eceiv e o pe r atio n. t he act u a l locatio n t o be re ad fro m or w r itten to over the spi inter f a c e i s defi n e d b y t he ad d r e s s p o inter fi f o add r pt r . before a n y read or write operation it is hence n e ces s ary to initiali s e this point e r t o t he c o r r e s p o n d i n g b a s e val ue . u p o n r e a d i n g or w r iti n g to t h e f if o da t a b u f f e r ( r e gf if o ) the address pointer will then inc rement automaticall y . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 44 RFM92W/93w f = xo s c wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t h e va ri a b le s fi f or x bytes n b an d p a yloa d le n gt h define the size of the memory locations to be written in the event of a su c c e ss f ul re cei v e o pe r a ti o n or r e a d by lor a tm i n t r ansmi t mo de r e s p ect iv e l y . in implicit h e a de r mo d e , t h e fi f o r x b y t e snb is n o t u sed as the n um b e r o f p a yl o ad b y t e s is k n o w n. o t h e r wise , i n ex plici t he a d er m od e, t he siz e of t he r eceiv e bu f fe r is s et t o t he p ack et l e ngt h i n th e r eceive d h e a de r . t o exploi t th e maxim um fif o d a t a bu f fe r siz e i n tr a nsmi t o r r ece i v e mo de th e w h ol e f i fo d a t a b u f f er ca n b e us e d i n e a ch mode by setting fi f otx b aseaddr a nd fiforxbaseaddr t o be e q ual . not e t h a t t he c o nte n t s o f t he fif o d a t a b u f f er a re lost i n sl e e p m o de , conse q u e ntl y n o acc e s s t o t he fif o d a t a b u f f e r i s p o ssi b l e i n sl e e p m o d e. 9. operation of the l o r a t m modem 9.1. operating mo d e control t h e o p e r atin g m o d es o f t he lor a tm m od em ar e a cc e sse d by e n a b lin g lor a tm mode (setting the l o n g r a ng e mo de bit of r e go p mo d e ). d e pe n di ng u po n th e op e r a ti n g m od e selecte d th e ra nge of fun c tionality and register access is given by the following t able: t a ble 2 1 lor a tm operating mode f u nctionality o p er a t ing mo d e de s c ription sle e p lo w - p ower mod e . in th i s mo d e o n ly spi and c o nfigur a t i o n registers are accessi b l e. lo r a f i f o i s n o t accessible. note t h at this is t h e on l y mode p e rmiss i ble to switch betwe e n fsk/ook mo d e a nd lora m o de. s t and - by both crys t a l o scill a t o r a n d l o r a b a s e ba n d blocks are t u rned o n . fs t x pll is active in this mode at t h e tra n sm i t fr e qu e nc y . fsrx pll is active in this mode at t h e receive frequ e nc y . tx wh e n activated the RFM92W/93w pow e rs a ll rema i n i n g bl o cks r e quir e d f o r tra n sm i t , ram p s the p a, tra n sm i t s the p a cket and returns to s t an d - by mo d e . rx c o nti n uous wh e n activated t h e RFM92W/93w p o wers all rema i n ing b locks r e qu i r e d f o r rece p t i on, p rocessing a ll receiv e d da t a until a n e w u ser r e qu e st is m a de to c h ange o perati n g m o de. rxsingle when activated the RFM92W/93w powers all remaining blocks required for recep t ion, remains in this s t ate unt il a valid p a cket h a s b een rec e ived and th e n r e t u rns to s t a n d - by mode. 9.2. frequency settings recalling that the frequ e ncy step is gi v en by: f st e p --------- - ---- - - 2 19 in o r d e r to set lo frequency values following registers are avai l abl e . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 45 RFM92W/93w wir eless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet f r f i s a 24 - bi t r e gist er whic h d efin es ca r ri er fr e qu e nc y . t h e c ar r ier f r e q u en cy re lat e s to t h e r e g is t er c o n t e n t s b y f oll o wi n g formula: f r f = f ste p fr f (2 3 , 0 ) fif i s a 16 - bi t r e gi ste r whic h d e fi n e s th e int e rm e diat e fre q u e nc y d u rin g d own - c o nve r si on (r x m o de s only ). the i n ter m edi a te f r e q ue n c y i s d ete r min ed by: f i f = f s t e p f i f (15 , 0) t h e i n t e rm e di a t e f r eq u enc y mus t be p r og r am m e d a cco r di ng t o t he si g n al b an d wi d th selecte d i n th e t abl e b el o w: t a ble 2 2 if sel e cti o n in lor a tm mode bw (regmodulationcfg) intermediate fr e q u e nc y ( f i f) regist e r fr e q if prog r a mm e d f if v a l ue 125 khz 8 4 khz 0 x560 250 khz 1 67 khz 0 xab0 500 khz 0 0x0 9.3. lora tm modem s t ate mac h ine se q uences t h e se q u e nc e fo r t r ansmissio n a n d r ece p ti on o f d a t a t o a nd fr om t he lor a tm modem, tog e ther with flow cha r t s of typical s e qu e nce s o f o pe r atio n, a r e d e t ail ed b e lo w . 9 .3.1. da t a t rans m ission s e quence in transmit mode p o wer consump t ion is optimized by enabli n g r f , pl l a n d p a b l ock s o nl y w h e n p acke t d a t a n e ed s t o be transmitted. fig u re 16 shows a typical lor a tm t r ansmi t s e qu e nce. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 46 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet mode request sleep/ stand ? by write configuration register mode request stand_by write data fifo mode request tx wait for irq (tx done) y n new tx? new mode request figure 1 6. lora tm mo d ulation tr a nsmission se q uence. ? s t a ti c c o nfig u rati on r e gist e r s c an o n l y b e ac c e sse d i n sl e e p or s t a n d - b y m od e. ? t he lor a tm fif o ca n o nl y be fil l e d i n s t a n d - b y m od e. ? da t a transmission is initiated by s e n d i n g tx m o d e r e q ue st. ? upon completion the txdone inte r r u p t i s iss u e d a nd th e r adi o r etu r n s t o s t a nd - b y mo d e . ? following transmiss ion the radio c an be manually pla c ed in sleep mode or the fifo refilled for a subsequent tx o pe r atio n. 9.3.1.1. lor a tm t r ansmit d a t a fifo filling in o r d e r to w r ite p a c k et d a t a i n to f i f o us e r s h o u l d : 1 set f if o ptr a d d r to fifot x ptrba s e . 2 w ri t e p a y l oa d le n gt h of bytes to the fifo ( reg f if o ) t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 47 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 9 .3.2. da t a recept i on sequen c e fi gu re 1 7 s h ow s typica l lor a tm rec e iv e se q u e nce s f or b o t h sin g l e a nd c o ntin u ou s r e c e ive r m o de s o f op e r a ti o n . figure 1 7. lor a t m rec e ive seq u enc e . 9.3.2.1. single recepti o n ope r a t ing mode in single mode low - power is achieved by turning o f f pll and rf p art as soon as a p acket has been r e ceive d . flow is as follow s : 1 set fifoptr a ddr to fiforxptrbas e . 1 s t atic configu r a t ion register d e vice ca n be written in either s l e ep or s t an d - by mode. 2 a single p acket receive operation is initiated by s electi n g th e o pe r atin g m od e rxsingle. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 48 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 3 the receiver will then a w ait the re c eption of a valid preamble. onc e received the gain of the re c ei v e c hain i s set. f ollowi n g th e e n s u in g r e c e ptio n o f a v a li d h e a d e r (i n dicate d i n th e v a lid h ea d er i n terru p t ) t h e p a ck e t r e ception proc e ss c o mm e n ces. o n ce the rec e ption process is c o m p lete t he rxdone i n t e r r u pt i s set . th e r a di o t h e n r e t u r ns a utom a tic a ll y to s t a n d - b y mo de to r e du ce p ow e r c o n s u mp ti o n. 4 the r e ceiver s t a t us register paylo a dcrcerr o r should be chec k ed f or p a cket p a yload integrit y . 5 i f a v a li d p ack et p aylo ad ha s b e e n r eceive d th en t he fif o sho u ld be read (see pa ylo a d da t a extraction below). 6 shou l d a subse q uent sin g le p a cket r e ception need to be trig g e r e d, the n t he rxsing le o pe r atin g mo de mus t b e r e - sel e c t ed t o la u n c h t h e r e c e i v e p r o c e s s ag ain - t a king c a r e to r e s e t t h e spi po in t er ( fi f op t ra d d r ) to the base l ocation in m e mory ( fiforxptrbas e ). 9. 3.2.2 . co n ti n uo us rece p t io n o p e r atin g m o de in c o n t in u o u s m od e t h e re cei v ed p ac k et processing sequence is given bel o w . 1 whilst in sleep or s t and - by mode select rxcont mod e . 2 up o n r e c e ptio n o f a vali d h e a d e r cr c t h e rxdone i nterrupt is set. the r a dio r e m a ins in rxcont mode waiting for the next rx lor a tm p a c ke t . 3 t h e payloadcrcerror fla g sho u l d b e ch ec k ed f or p acke t i n t e g r it y . 4 i f p a cke t h as b e e n co r r e ctl y rec e iv ed t he fif o d a t a b u f f e r c an b e r e ad (se e b elow ). 5 t h e r ece p ti on p r oces s ( ste p s 2 - 4 ) c an b e r ep e ate d or r e c e ive r o pe r atin g m od e ex it ed a s d esi r ed. in con t inuous mode s t a t us infor m a t ion are avail a ble o n ly f o r t he l a st p a ck e t re cei v e d , i.e. t h e c o r r e s p on di n g r e gi s t e rs s h oul d be r e a d b efo re t he n e x t r x d on e a r ri v es. 9.3.2.3. fifo p r otectio n m e c h a n ism t h e pr o t ec ttxfif o bi t c an b e se t t o p r eve nt t he lor a tm d em o d u lato r ove r w ri t i n g t r a n s m i t d a t a sto r e d i n th e d a t a b u f f e r f i f o . when protection is enable d , lora tm sto p s writin g rec e iv ed da t a w h e n r x p oi n t er b e c o me s e q ua l t o t x poi n t er 9.3.2.4. payload da t a extraction from fifo in order to r e tr i e ve r e ce i v ed d a t a from fifo user must ensure that v a lidheade r , p a yloa d c r cer r o r , r x done an d rx t imeout int er r u p t s in t h e s t a t us r e gi s ter r e g i r qf la g s a re n o t a ss e r t ed to e n s u re t h at p a ck e t r ec ep ti o n h as t e r m in a t e d su c c e ss f ully (i.e. no flags s hould be set). in case of e r r o rs the ste p s bel o w should be skipped a n d the p a cket discar d e d . in order to retrieve r e ceived da t a from fifo us e r m u s t: ? fifon b rxbytes in di c a te s th e n um b e r of b yte s t h a t hav e b ee n r eceive d t h u s fa r . ? regrxd a t a addr i s th e d y n ami c p ointe r th at in di c a t es p r ecis ely whe re t he l o ra m od em r eceive d d a t a ha s b ee n writte n up to. ? se t f i f o ptrad d r to r e grxd a t aa d d r - f i f o nbrxbyt es . thi s s e t s t h e fi f o p oi n t er to t he s t a r t o f t he c u r r e nt p a c k et. p a ck et byte s c an t h e n be ext r a cted from fifo by readi n g the re g f i f o ad d r e s s r e gnb r xbytes ti m e s. 9 .3.3. re c eiver t imeout operati o n in ei t h e r s in g le or c on ti n u o us lor a tm r e c ep tion mo d e s, a r e c e iver ti me o u t fu n c t i o nal i t y i s a v a ila b le t h a t pe r mi t s t he r e ceiver to list e n f o r a p r e - d e t e r m i n ed pe ri o d of ti m e b ef or e g e n e r a ti n g a n i nter r u pt sig n a l t o i n dicat e tha t n o vali d p a cke t s h a ve b e en r eceive d . t h e tim er i s a bsolut e an d comm e nce s as so on as the radio is plac e d in ei the r singl e o r c onti n uo us r ece i v e t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 49 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet mode. the interrupt i t s el f , rx t i m e ou t , ca n b e f o un d i n t he inte r r u p t re gi st er regir q fla g s . t he p r og r a m me d val ue is ex pr es s ed a s a multipl e of th e symb ol p e ri o d a n d i s gi ve n by: timeou t = l or arxtimeou t ? ts u p o n com p letio n of th e tim e ou t t he r a di o r etu r n s t o s t a n db y m o de. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 50 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 9 .3.4. ch a nnel a c tivity d e tection t h e us e of a sp r ea d spectr um m o dul a t io n t e c h niq u e p r e s e n t s chall e n g e s i n d ete r mini n g wh et he r t h e c h an n e l i s al r e ad y in use by a sign a l that m a y be b e low the n o ise floo r o f t he r e c e ive r . t he us e of th e rss i i n t h i s situatio n w o ul d cle a rl y be impracticable. t o t h is e n d t h e c h a nn el a c tivi t y de te c t o r is u s e d to de t e ct t h e p r e s e n ce o f o t h e r lora tm sig n a ls . fig u r e 18 s h ow s the channel activity d e tection ( c ad) p r oce s s: cadtriggerrx = 0 cadtriggerrx = 1 mode request sleep/stdby mode request sleep/stdby write configuration register write configuration register mode request cad mode = cad pll & rf on mode request cad mode = cad pll & rf on wait for irq (cad done) mode = stand_by pll & rf off wait for irq (cad done) read status reg.s n cad ok? n new cad? go to sleep mode y wait for irq (rx done) mode = rx_sgl pll & rf on check rx status mode = stand_by pll & rf off y n rx ok? y read data fifo d& status reg.s n new cad? go to sleep mode figure 1 8 . lora tm cad flow t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 51 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t wo possible a c tions a r e p o ssible following the c h annel activity d e tecti o n p r ocess . b y s e ttin g c a d t ri g g e r r x a single p a cket r eceiv e o p e r atio n c an be t r igg e r ed foll o win g indic a ti on of lor a tm channel activit y . by clearing t h e c a d t ri g ge r r x bi t th e r a dio will return to sleep mode follow ing detection of activit y . both c ases are summari s ed below: 9.3.4.1. channel activ i ty d e t e cti o n : ca d t ri g g e r r x = 0 ideal for high e f ficiency channel a c tivity d e tection either f o r p e ri odi c wake - u p o r fo r list en b efo re t al k o r clea r cha n n el as s e ssm e n t p r io r t o a t r ansmi t o pe r atio n. i n t h i s mo de p ow e r c o nsum pt io n i s o ptimise d b y e n s u r ing b oth t h e p l l a n d r f f r on t e n d a r e o n f or th e sho r t e s t tim e p o ssibl e . t h e pr oc e s s b e low a s su me s t ha t t h e r a d io s t a r t s in sle e p or s t a n d b y o p e r a t ing mo d e . 1 a channel a c tivi ty detection is in i t i a t ed b y s e lecti ng ca d o p e r atin g m o d e. 2 t h e c h a n ne l activit y det e ctio n p r oces s s t a r t s - as s o o n a s lor a tm sig n a l h a s b ee n acq u ir ed p ll a n d r f p a r t s a r e tur n ed o f f a nd t he r a di o r etu r n s t o s t a nd by m o d e. 3 t h e c a d d o n e i n t e r r up t i s a sse rt ed. 4 t h e c a d d e t ec t ed i n t e r r u p t c a n be c he ck e d to e n s u r e th a t t h e d e t e cti o n h a s b ee n s u c c e ssf u l. 5 a new cad phase may be initiated by s e n d i n g a n e w c ad mo de r e qu es t . 6 a lte r n a tiv e l y use r ca n issu e a di f f e r e n t m od e r eq u est . slee p m od e m ay b e e nt e r e d o r a t x op e r a ti on ma y be initiated di r e ctl y i f t x c o nfig u r a ti on r e gist e r s h a v e al r e ad y b e e n s e t a n d p a ck e t da t a h a ve a lr e a d y b e en w rit t en i n to t h e f i f o. 9.3.4.2. flow with cad t riggerrx = 1 in t h is m od e pll a n d rf p a r t s a r e a c tive f or t he w h o le d ur a t io n o f th e ca d p has e sinc e a s u cce s sful detection triggers a c o mpl e t e r x p a ck et d e t e cti o n . t h e p r oces s b el ow assum es th at th e r ad i o s t a r t s i n slee p or s t a n d by o p e r atin g m o de. 1 a channel a c tivity detection is in i t i a t ed b y s e lecti ng ca d o p e r atin g m o d e. 2 when the received sign a l h a s been p r o c e s sed cad a c tivity termin a tes and c a d d o n e is a s serted. if detection has been successful device enters rxsingle mod e , otherwi s e it returns to s t andby mode. 3 t h e c a d d e t ec t ed s t atus r e gister is a s serted if d e tection has been successful. 4 at th e en d o f p acke t r x p h a s e t he rxd o n e inte r r u p t i s s e t , p r o m ptin g t he us er t o ch e c k fo r p ack et e r ro rs a nd r etri e ve d a t a f r o m th e d a t a b u f f e r fi fo accor d in gl y . 5 a new cad phase may subsequently be initi a t e d by r es e l e cti n g t h e ca d o p e ra ting mo d e . 6 a lte r n a tiv e l y use r ca n issu e a di f f e r e n t m od e r eq u est . slee p m od e m ay b e e nte r e d o r a t x op e r a ti on ma y be initiated di r e ctl y i f t x c o nfig u r a ti on r e gist e r s h a v e al r e ad y b e e n s e t a n d p a ck e t da t a h a ve a lr e a d y b e en w rit t en i n to t h e f i f o. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 52 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 9.4. digi t al io pin mapping si x of RFM92W/93w ? s ge n e r a l p u r p os e i o pi n s a re av aila b le u s ed i n lor a tm mo d e . t h ei r ma p pin g i s s h ow n b el ow a n d de p e n ds u p on t he c on fi g u r a t ion o f re gis t e r s r e gdiom a p p ing 1 a n d re g d i o m a ppi n g2. t a ble 2 3 d i o mapping lora t m m o de o p erati n g mode diox m a p p i n g dio5 dio4 d i o3 dio2 dio1 dio0 all 00 mo d e ready ca d d e t e c t e d caddo n e fhssch a ngec h annel rx t imeo u t rx d o n e 01 clko u t p l l lock v ali d h e ader fhssch a ngec h annel f h ssch a ngech a nnel txd one 10 clko u t p l l lock p a y l oadcrce r ror fh s sch a ngec h annel c a dde t ected c a ddone 11 - - - - - - t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 53 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 0. fsk/ook modem 10 . 1. b i t ra t e se t t i ng the bitrate setting is referenced to the cry s t al oscillator and pro v ides a pre c ise means of s e tting the bit rate (or equivalen t ly c h ip ) r at e o f t he r a dio . i n c o ntinu o u s t r a n s m i t m o d e ( s ec ti on 3.2.2 ) t he da t a str e a m to be tra n smitted can be inp u t directly to t h e mo d u l a tor via p in 9 ( di o2 /d a t a) in an a s y n ch ro n o us ma n ne r , u n l e ss g au ssi a n fil t e r ing is u s e d , in w h ich c a s e t h e dc l k si gn al on p in 1 0 (d i o 1 /d c lk) is u s ed t o sy n c h r on i z e t h e d a t a s t r e a m . see s e c ti o n 1 0 . 2 .3 f o r d e t a ils o n t h e gau s sian filte r . in packet mode or in continuous mode with gaussian fil t e ri n g e n a b l e d, the bit r a te (br) is c ontrolled by bi t s bitrate in regbitratem s b and regbitratelsb b i t r at e = ----- - ---------------- - --- - f --- - x --- - o ---- - s -- - c ------------- - -------------- - - b i t r a t e (15 , 0) + ---- - i - - t - - r - - a --- - t - - e -- - f --- - r - - a --- - c - 16 n o t e bit r ate f r ac bi t s h a v e no e f f e ct (i.e may be consid e r ed equal to 0) in o ok m o dul a t i o n m o de. t h e qu a ntit y bit r atef r a c i s h enc e d e si g ne d t o allo w ve ry hi gh p r e cisio n ( max . 2 50 p p m p r og r am i n g res o lution ) fo r a n y bit ra te in t h e p r o g r amm a b le r a ng e. t a ble 2 4 be low s h o ws a r a ng e o f s t a n da rd bi t r ate s a nd t he acc u r a c y t o withi n wh i c h they m a y be reached. t a ble 2 4 bit rate exam p les t y pe bitrate (15:8) bitrate (7:0) (g)fsk (g)msk ook actual br ( b/ s ) classic a l m o dem b a ud rates (m u lt i pl e s of 1.2 k b p s) 0x 6 8 0x 2 b 1.2 kb p s 1.2 kb p s 1 20 0 .0 1 5 0x 3 4 0x15 2.4 kb p s 2.4 kb p s 2 40 0 .0 6 0 0x1a 0x 0 b 4.8 kb p s 4.8 kb p s 4 79 9 .7 6 0 0x0d 0x05 9.6 kb p s 9.6 kb p s 9 60 0 .9 6 0 0x 0 6 0x83 19.2 kb p s 19.2 k b p s 1 91 9 6. 1 6 0x 0 3 0x41 38.4 kb p s 3 84 1 5. 3 6 0x 0 1 0xa1 76.8 kb p s 7 67 3 8. 6 0 0x 0 0 0 x d0 15 3 .6 k b p s 1 53 8 46.1 classic a l m o dem b a ud rates (m u lt i pl e s of 0.9 k b p s) 0x 0 2 0 x 2 c 57.6 kb p s 5 75 5 3. 9 5 0x 0 1 0x16 1 15.2 kb p s 1 1 5 10 7 .9 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 54 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t y pe bitrate (15:8) bitrate (7:0) (g)fsk (g)msk ook actual br ( b/ s ) rou n d bit r a te s (m u lt i pl e s of 12.5, 2 5 and 50 kb p s) 0x0a 0x00 12.5 kb p s 12.5 k b p s 1 25 0 0. 0 0 0x 0 5 0x00 25 kb p s 25 kb p s 2 50 0 0. 0 0 0x 8 0 0x00 50 kb p s 5 00 0 0. 0 0 0x 0 1 0x40 1 00 kb p s 1 00 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0 x d5 1 50 kb p s 1 50 2 34.7 0x 0 0 0xa0 2 00 kb p s 2 00 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0x80 2 50 kb p s 2 50 0 00.0 0x 0 0 0x 6 b 3 00 kb p s 2 99 0 65.4 w a tch x t al fr e qu e ncy 0 x 0 3 0 x d 1 3 2. 7 68 kb p s 3 2 . 7 68 kb p s 3 27 5 3. 3 2 10.2. fsk/ook t r ansmission 1 0.2.1. fsk modul a tion fsk mo d ul a ti on i s pe r fo r me d insid e th e pl l b an d wi d t h , by cha n gi ng th e fr a cti o na l divid e r rati o i n t he f e e d bac k lo op o f the p l l . t h e la r g e r esoluti on of th e sigm a - d el t a m o dul a t o r , a llo w s f or v e r y n a r r ow f r e qu e nc y d e vi at ion . th e fr e qu e ncy d e vi a ti o n f d e v is g iv e n b y : f de v = f ste p fde v (1 3 , 0) t o e nsu re c o r r ec t m od u latio n , the follo w ing limit app lies: f d e v + ---- - r - - ( 250 ) khz 2 note no constraint appli e s to the modu l ation ind e x of the t r ansmitte r , b u t th e f r e q ue n c y d e vi a ti on mus t b e se t b etween 6 00 h z a nd 20 0 khz. 1 0.2.2. ook modu l ation oo k m o d u latio n i s a p p lie d by switc h in g o n an d o f f t he p owe r am p lifie r . digi t a l control and ram p in g a re av a ilabl e t o im p r o v e the transie n t p o wer response of the ook transmitte r . 1 0.2.3. mod u lation sha p ing m od u latio n sh a pin g ca n b e a ppli e d i n b ot h oo k an d fs k m od u latio n m o des , t o imp r ov e t he na r r o wba n d r esp o ns e o f the t r ansmitte r . b o t h sh a pi ng f e atu r e s a r e co nt rol l e d wit h paramp bi t s in r e g p ar am p . ? in f sk mo d e , a g a u s si a n filt e r with bt = 0 . 5 or 1 is u s ed to filte r t he mo d ulati on st r ea m, a t t he in p u t of th e sig m a - d el t a m o d u lato r . i f t he ga us si an filte r i s en a ble d wh en t he RFM92W/93w i s i n c o ntinu o u s m od e, dc lk sig n a l on pi n 1 0 ( dio1/ dclk) will trigger an interru p t on the uc ea c h time a new bit has to be transmitted. please refer to s e c tion 5.4.2 for de t a ils. ? wh en oo k mo d ul a ti on i s use d, t he p a bi as v o l t ag es a re r a mp ed up a nd d ow n smo o thl y w h e n t he p a i s tu r ne d o n a n d o f f, to reduce spectral splatte r . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 55 RFM92W/93w = de v 10 wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet no t e th e t r a n s mi t t e r m u s t b e r e s t a r t e d if t h e mo d u la t io n s h a pi ng setti ng i s cha n g e d , i n o r d er t o r ecali b r a t e t he b uilt - in filte r . 10.3. fsk/oo k reception 1 0.3.1. fsk d e modulat o r t h e fs k d em o dul a t or o f th e RFM92W/93w i s d esig n e d t o d em o dul a te f s k, gfsk, msk a n d gmsk mod u lated signals. it is m o st e f ficient when the mod u lation index of t he sign a l i s g r e a t er tha n 0 . 5 an d b el ow 1 0: 2 f -------- - - ------------ 0.5 br t h e o utpu t o f t he fs k d e mo d ulato r c an b e f ed t o t he bi t synch r o n iz er t o p r ovid e t he c o m p a n io n p r ocesso r wit h a synch r o n ou s d a t a st r ea m i n co nt inu o u s m od e. 1 0.3.2. ook d e modula t or t h e oo k d e mo d ulat or p e rfo r m s a com p a r iso n of th e rss i outp u t a n d a t h r e s h o ld v al ue . t h re e d i f f er e n t t h r e s h o ld mo d e s a r e av a il a bl e , co n fi gu r e d t h r o u g h bi t s o o kth r esh t y pe in regookpe a k . the recommended mode of operation is the peak t h reshold mode, illu s trated in figure 19: r s s i [db m ] ? ? p eak - 6db?? t h r esh o l d ?? f loo r ?? t hre s h o l d d e f i n e d b y o o kf i x edth r e s h noise f l o or of re c e i v er t i me z o om de ca y in db as de f i n ed in o o k pea k th r e sh s t e p f i x ed 6 db di f fe r en c e pe r iod as de f in e d in o o k p ea k th r e s h d ec figure 1 9 . ook peak demo d ulat o r description i n pe ak t h r e s h ol d mo de th e c o m p a r is on th r esh old l e v el i s th e p e ak v a lu e of t he rssi , r e d uce d b y 6 d b . i n t he a b senc e of an input signal, or during the reception of a logical ? 0 ? , t he ac q uir ed p ea k val ue i s d e cre m ent ed b y o n e ookpe a k t hr es h s tep ev er y o o kp e akth r eshde c peri o d . when the rssi o u tput is null for a long time (for ins t ance a f ter a l o n g stri ng o f 0 r e c e iv e d , o r if no transmitter is present), the peak threshold level will continue falling until it reaches the floor threshold, programmed in ookfixedthres h . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 56 RFM92W/93w wi reless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet t h e d e f a ul t settin gs o f th e oo k d em o dul a t o r le ad t o th e p e rfo r ma nce s t a ted in t h e el e c t ric a l specification. howeve r , in a p p lic a ti o n s i n whic h su d de n sig n a l d ro p s a re awaite d d u r i ng a r e c e p ti o n, t he t h r e e p a r a me t e r s s ho uld be o p ti m iz e d ac c o r d ingl y . 10.3.2.1. op timizing the floor threshold ookfixedthresh determin e s the sensitivity of the ook r e ceive r , as it s e t s th e com p a r iso n th r esho l d f or w e a k inp u t sign a ls (i.e. those close to the n o ise floor). significant sen s it i v it y im p rov e me n t s ca n be ge n e r ate d i f c o nfig u re d c o r r ectl y . n o t e th at th e n ois e floo r o f th e r eceiv er a t t he de m od u lato r inp u t d e p e nd s on: t he n oi s e fig ur e o f t h e r e c e ive r . t he g a i n o f t he r e c e iv e c h ai n fr om ante n n a t o b a s e ba n d. ? t he m a t c h ing - i n clu d i n g s a w f ilter if a n y . ? the bandwi d th of the channel filte r s. it is therefore imp o r t ant to n o te that the setting of oo kfixedthresh will be application dependant. the following procedure is recommended to optimize ookfixed t hresh . s et RFM92W/93w i n o o k r x m o de a d j u s t b i t r at e , c h a n n e l f il t e r b w d e f a ul t oo k f i xe dthre s h s e t t i n g no i n p ut s ig n al cont i n u o us mo d e m o n i t o r d i o 2/ d a t a p i n incre m e n t o o kf i x e dthre sh gli t c h a c t i vi t y o n d a t a ? opt i m iz a t i o n c o m pl ete fi g ure 20. flo o r threshold op t imization t h e n e w flo or th r eshol d v a lu e fo u n d d u ri ng t h i s tes t s h oul d be use d fo r oo k r eceptio n w ith tho s e receiver s e t tings. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 57 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 0 .3.2.2. optimizing ook demod u la t or f o r f ast f ading signals a s u dd en dr op i n sig n a l str e ngt h c an c a us e th e bi t e r r o r r a t e to i n c r e a s e . f or a p pli c a t io n s w h e r e t he ex pe ct e d s i gn al d r o p c an be e stim a t e d , th e f o llowin g oo k d e mo d ulato r p a r am e t e r s ookpeakt h r e s h st ep a n d ookpe a k t h r eshde c can be o ptimize d a s d esc ri b ed b elo w fo r a give n nu m be r of t h res h ol d dec r em e n t s p er bi t . refe r t o r e go o kp e a k to a c cess tho s e se t ting s . 10.3.2.3. a lter n a t ive o o k d e mo d u la t or th r e s h old m o de s i n a dditio n t o th e p e a k oo k thr e shol d m od e, th e u s er ca n al t e r n a ti v ely s e le c t t wo o t h e r ty pe s o f t h r e s h o ld d e t e c t o r s: ? fix ed th r esh ol d : t h e val ue i s sel e cte d th r o u g h ookfixed t hresh ? a v e r a ge th r esh ol d : da t a s u ppli e d b y t he rss i bloc k i s ave r a g e d, a nd t h i s o pe r atio n m od e s h oul d o nl y b e us ed with dc - fr ee e n c o d ed da t a. 1 0.3.3. b i t synchronizer t h e bit sy nc hr o nize r p r ovide s a cle an an d synch r o n iz ed di gi t a l o u t p u t base d up on timin g r ecove ry i n for m atio n gl ea n ed f r o m t he r e c e iv ed da t a e dg e t r ansitio n s . i t s o utp ut i s m a d e avail a bl e o n pin dio 1 /dcl k i n c o ntinu o u s m od e a n d ca n be disabl e d thr o ugh register setting s . howev e r , for optim u m r e cei v er p e r f o rmance, e s p e cially in continuous r e ceive mod e , i t s use is str o n g ly advised. t h e bi t synch r o n iz er i s a uto m atic a ll y activ a t ed in pac k et mode. i t s bit rate is controlled by bitratemsb a n d bitratelsb in regbitrate. r a w d e m odul a t or out p ut (f s k or oo k ) b i ts y nc o ut p ut t o p i n d a t a and dclk in c on t in u ous m ode da t a d c lk f igure 21. bit synchronizer description t o e n s u re c o r r e ct o pe r a ti o n o f t h e bit s y n c h r o n iz e r , the fol l owing con d itions have to be satisfied: ? a p r e a mble ( 0 x55 or 0xaa) of at leas t 12 bi t s is required for synch r onizatio n , t he l on g e r t he synch r o ni z a ti on p h a s e i s the better the ensuing p a ck et dete c tion rate will be. ? the subsequent p a yl o ad bit stream must have at least one edge transition (ei t her rising or falling) e v ery 16 bi t s durin g d a t a t r a n s m is s io n . ? t he a b s o lut e e r r or b e tw e e n tr a nsmitt ed a nd rec e iv ed bi t rat e m u s t n ot exce ed 6.5%. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 58 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 0.3.4. frequen c y error in d icator t hi s f r eq u e n c y e r r or in di c a t or m e asu r e s t he f r e q ue n c y e r r or b e tw e e n th e p r o gr a mm ed r f c e ntr e fr e q u enc y a n d th e c a r r ier f r eq u e n c y of th e m o dul a t ed i n p ut si g na l t o t he r eceive r . whe n th e fe i i s p e r f o r m ed , th e fre q u e nc y er r o r i s m e asu r e d a n d the s igned result is loaded in fei v al u e in regfei , in 2 ? s complement format. the time r e q u i r e d fo r a n fei eval u atio n i s 4 bit p e ri o d s . t o e nsu re c o r r ec t o pe r atio n o f th e fe i: ? t he m e asu r em e n t m us t b e l a u n c h e d d uri ng th e r ecepti on o f p r e am b le. ? the sum of the fre q uency o f fset and the 20 db signal b a n d wi d th m u s t b e lowe r th an t he b a s e band filter bandwi d th. i.e. t he whol e m od u late d sp ec t r u m m u s t b e r eceive d . t h e 20 d b ba n dwi d t h of th e sig n a l c an b e e v al u a t ed a s f o llow s ( do u bl e - sid e b an d wi d th ): = ? + ----- - - ? b w 20 d b 2 ? f de v 2 ? the frequency e r r o r , in hz, can be calculated with the foll owing formula: fe i = f ste p f e i v a l ue RFM92W/93w i n r x m ode p re a mbl e - m odula t e d in p u t s i gnal s i gna l leve l > s en s i t i v i ty s e t fei st art = 1 f eidon e no = 1 y e s read fei v al ue figure 2 2. fei process t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 59 RFM92W/93w preambledetectorsize # of byt e s 00 1 01 2 (recommend e d) 10 3 11 r e s e rv e d wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 0.3.5. a f c t h e a fc i s b ase d o n t he fe i m e asu r em e nt , t h er ef or e th e s a me input signal and r e ceiver setting conditi o n s appl y . when t he a fc p r oce d ur e i s pe r for m e d th e afc v alue is di r e c tly s u b t r a ct e d f r om t h e r e gi ste r th at d e f i ne s t he f r eq u e n c y of o p e r a t io n o f the c hi p , f r f . th e a fc i s execute d e ac h ti me the receiver is enable d , if afcautoon = 1. w h e n th e af c i s e na b le d ( afcautoon = 1 ) , the user h a s the option to: ? cle a r th e fo r me r a fc co r r e ctio n v a lue , i f af c au t o c le a r o n = 1 . all o wi ng th e n e x t fr e qu e nc y co r r e ctio n t o be p e rfo r med from the initial cen t re frequenc y . ? s t a r t t he a fc ev al uatio n f r o m th e p revi o usl y co r r e cte d f r eq u e n c y . th is ma y b e u s e f ul in s ys t e m s in whi c h t h e c e n t r e f r e q u en cy ex pe ri e n c es c um ul a tive d ri f t - s u ch as t h e a g e ing o f a cr y s t al r e f e r e n c e. the RFM92W/93w o f fers an alter n a t e r e ceiver b a n d wi d th setti n g du r in g th e af c ph a s e a llowin g th e accom m od a tio n o f l a r g er f r eq u e n c y e r r o r s . t h e s e tti ng regafcbw se t s th e r e c e iv e b an d wi d th du r in g th e af c p r ocess . i n a ty pi c al r e ceiver appli c ation the, o n c e the afc is per f ormed, the radio will re v ert to the re c ei v er communic a tion or channel bandwi d th ( regrxb w ) f or th e e nsuin g c o mmu ni catio n p h ase. n o t e th at th e fe i me a s u r e me nt i s v a li d onl y d u ri ng t he r e c e ptio n of p r e a mbl e. t he p r ovisi o n o f t he preambled etect flag c an h e nc e be us e d t o det e c t thi s con d itio n an d all o w a r elia b le a f c or fei o p e ra tion to be t r ig g e r e d . th is p r o c e s s c a n b e p e r f o r m e d a u t o maticall y b y usin g th e a pp r o p ri a t e o ptio ns i n s t a r td em o do np r e am ble f o un d i n t he regrxc o n fig registe r . a d e t ail ed descri p t i o n o f t he r e c e ive r setu p t o e na b l e t he af c i s p r ovid e d i n secti on 1 1 .3. 1 0.3.6. pr e amble det e ctor t h e p r e a mbl e detecto r indicat e s th e r eceptio n o f a c a r r ie r modul a t ed with a 0101...sequence. it is insensitive to the f r eq u e n c y o f fs e t , as l o n g as th e r e c e iv er b an d wi d t h i s la r g e en o u g h . th e siz e of d etecti on ca n b e p r o g r amm ed fr om 1 t o 3 by t es wi t h p reamble d etec t orsize in r eg pr e a mb le d e t ect as defined in the n e xt t able. t a ble 2 5 pream b le detector set t ings f o r n o r m al operation, pr eambledetect t o l sh o ul d be s et t o b e se t t o 1 0 ( 0 x0a) , w i t h a q ual i fyin g p r e am b l e siz e of 2 bytes. t h e p r ea m bled e t e c t interrupt (either in r e gir q fla g s 1 o r m ap p e d t o a sp ec ifi c dio ) the n go es hi g h e v e r y ti me a valid p r e am ble is d e t e c t e d , a s s u m i n g p reamble d et ec t oron =1. t h e p r e a mbl e d etecto r ca n al s o be use d as a g a t e t o e n sur e th at af c an d ag c a re p e rfo r me d on vali d p r e a mbl e. see se c tion 1 1.3. for de t a ils. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 60 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 0.3.7. image r e jection mixer t h e RFM92W/93w em pl oy s a n im a ge r ej e cti on mix er (i rm ) which , u ncali b r a t e d , 3 5 d b ima ge r ej e ctio n. th e lo w p has e no i se p ll i s us ed t o p e r f o r m c a lib r atio n o f t he r eceive r ch ai n . thi s i n c r e a s es t he typica l im a g e r e jecti on t o 4 8 db. t hi s p r oces s is f u ll y a u t o mate d i n fsk/oo k mo de a nd r a d i o p o w e r - u p. 1 0.3.8. image and rssi calibration an a u tomatic calibr a tion process is used to calibr a te the p h a s e and gain of both i and q r e ceive p a ths. this calibr a tion a llow s e nh a nce d im a g e fre q u e nc y r e ject i on and improves the rssi precision. t h is cali b r a ti on p r oces s i s la u nch ed un d er the following cir c u m s t ances: ? au t o ma tic a lly at p o w e r on r e s e t or a f t e r a m an u a l r es e t of t h e c h ip ( re fer t o s e cti o n 7 . 2 ) . f o r a p p lic a ti o ns w h e r e t h e temperature remains s t able, or if the image re j e ction is not a major c once rn, this single c alibration will s u f fice. ? a u t o maticall y w h e n a p r e - d e fi n e d tem p e r atu re cha n g e i s obse r ved. ? upon user request, by setting bit ima g ecal s t a r t in regimage c al , when the devi c e is in s t a nd by m od e. not e th at in lor a tm m o d e th e cal i br a t i o n com m an d i s in a ccessibl e . t o p e rfo rm t he calib r atio n, th e r a dio mus t be r e tur n ed te m po r a r il y t o fsk/oo k m o d e fo r th e c a lib r atio n p r ocess. a s e lec t a b l e te m pe r atu re c h a n ge , se t wit h t e m pt h r e s h o ld ( 5, 10 , 15 o r 2 0 c) , i s d etect ed an d r ep o rte d i n t e mpch a n g e , if the t empera t ure monitoring is t urned on w ith t em p mo ni t o rof f = 0 . t h is interrupt flag can be used by the applicati o n to launch a n e w image calibr a tion at a convenient time if a u t o i m ag e calo n = 0, or immedia t ely when t his tem pe r atu re v a ri a ti on i s d etected , i f autoimagecal on =1. t h e cali b r a ti on p r oces s t a k es a p p r oximat ely 1 0 ms. 1 0.3.9. t im e out fun c tion the RFM92W/93w includ e s a t imeo u t function, which all o ws it t o a utom a tic a ll y s h ut - d ow n th e r e ceive r a f te r a r ece i v e s e qu e nc e a nd t h e r ef o re s a v e en e r g y . ? t i m e ou t inter r u p t is generated t imeou t rx r ssi x 16 x tbit a f ter switching to rx mode if the r ssi flag does not raise within this time frame ( rs s i v alue > r ssithreshol d ) ? t i m e ou t inter r u p t is generated t i m e o u trxpre a mbl e x 1 6 x tbi t a f te r switc h in g t o r x m o d e i f t he preambledetect flag does not raise w ithin t his time frame ? t i m e ou t inter r u p t is generated t imeou t signalsync x 16 x tb i t a f ter s wit c hing to rx mode if the syncaddress fla g d oes not raise within this time frame t hi s tim e o ut inte rr up t c an b e u s ed t o w a r n t he c o m p ani o n p r ocesso r t o sh ut d o w n t he r e c e iv er a nd r e tur n t o a l o we r p ower m od e. t o b eco me activ e, th ese time o u t s mus t als o b e en a bl ed b y setti ng th e co rr ec t rx t rigger p a r a m e t e rs in regrxc o n fig: t a ble 2 6 rx t rigg e r s e ttin g s to e n ab le ti me o ut inte r rup t s r eceiv e r t ri g geri n g event r x t r igg e r (2 : 0 ) t im e o u t o n rssi t i m e o ut on preamble t im e o u t on syn c add r ess none 000 o f f o f f acti v e r s si interrupt 001 active o f f preambl e detect 1 1 0 o f f active rssi i n t e rr u p t & preambl e detect 11 1 acti ve active t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 61 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1. operating mod e s in f s k /o o k m o de 1 1.1. general overview t h e RFM92W/93w h as s e v e r al wo r ki ng m od e s , m an u all y p r o gr a mm ed i n re g op m od e . fully automated mode sele c tion, p a cke t t r a n s m issi on an d r ece p ti on i s al s o possibl e u si ng t he t o p l e ve l seq u enc er descri b e d i n s e ctio n 1 1 . 5. t a ble 2 7 basic t ransceiver modes mode select e d mode symbol e n a b l e d b l o c ks 000 sleep mo d e sle e p n one 001 s t a n dby m o de s t d b y t o p r e gu l ator a nd crys t a l osci l lator 010 fre q ue n cy synthesis e r to tx fr e que n cy fs t x freq u ency synt h esizer at tx fre q ue n cy (frf) 0 1 1 t ransmit mo d e tx freq u ency synt h esizer and tra n smitter 100 fre q ue n cy synthesis e r to rx fre q uency f srx freq u e n cy synt h esizer at fre q uency for r e c e ption (frf - if) 101 rece i v e mo d e rx freq u ency synt h esizer and r e c e iver w h e n sw i tchi ng f r o m a m od e t o a noth er th e su b - bl ock s a r e w o ke n u p ac c o r d in g t o a p r e - defin ed o p ti mi z ed seq u enc e. 1 1. 2 . s t artup t i mes t h e s t a rtu p tim e o f th e t r ansmitte r o r th e r e c e iv er i s de p en d a n t u p on w h ich m o de t h e t r a n s c ei v er w as in at t he b eg in n in g . f o r a c o m p l e te d e s c ri p ti o n, f ig u re 2 3 b e l o w s ho ws a co mp lete s t artup p r oce s s, from the lower pow e r mode sleep. c u rre n t drain iddr ( rx) or i ddt ( t x) iddfs idd s l iddst t i meline 0 ts_o s c ts_o s c + t s_f s ts_ o sc +ts_ f s +ts_tr ts _ osc +ts_ f s +ts _ re f s tx tra n smit s l e e p mo d e stdby m o de fsrx receive fig u re 23. s t artup process ts_osc is the s t artup time of the crys t al oscillator which depends on the electrical c haracteristi c s of the cr y s t a l. ts_fs is the s t a r tup time of the pll inclu d ing systematic calibr a tion of the vco. t y pica l v a lu es o f ts_os c a nd ts_ fs a re giv en i n secti on 2.3. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 62 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.2.1. t ransm i tter s t artup t i me t h e tr a nsmitt er s t a r t up time , ts_tr , i s c alculated as follows in fsk mode: ts _ tr = 5 s + 1.25 paramp + 1 tbit 2 , where p ar am p i s t he r a mp - u p tim e p r o g r amm ed i n r eg pa r a m p a nd tbit is the bit time. in o o k mode, this equation c an b e si mp l i fi ed t o the f o llowin g : ts _ tr = 5 s + 1 tbit 2 1 1.2.2. receiv e r s t artup t i m e t h e r eceive r s t a r t up time , ts_re , onl y d e p e nd s u p o n th e r e c e ive r bandwi d th e f fective at the t im e o f s t a r t u p. w h en a f c is e n a b l e d ( af c au t o on =1), afcbw should be u s ed instead of rxbw to extra c t t he re c ei v er s t ar t up time: t a ble 2 8 r e ceiver s t artup ti me summ a ry rxbw if a f c au t oo n =0 rx b w afc if afca u to o n = 1 ts _ re (+/ - 5%) 2.6 khz 2 .33 ms 3.1 khz 1 .94 ms 3.9 khz 1 .56 ms 5.2 khz 1 .18 ms 6.3 khz 9 84 us 7.8 khz 7 91 us 1 0 . 4 khz 6 0 1 us 1 2 . 5 khz 5 0 4 us 1 5 . 6 khz 4 0 7 us 2 0 . 8 khz 3 1 3 us 2 5 . 0 khz 2 6 4 us 3 1 . 3 khz 2 1 5 us 4 1 . 7 khz 1 6 9 us 5 0 . 0 khz 1 4 4 us 6 2 . 5 khz 1 1 9 u s 8 3 . 3 khz 9 7 us 100.0 khz 8 4 u s 125.0 khz 7 1 u s 166.7 khz 8 5 u s 200.0 khz 7 4 u s 250.0 khz 6 3 u s ts_re or later a f ter s etting the devi c e in r eceive mode, any incom i ng p a cket will be detected and demodulat ed by the transceive r . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 63 RFM92W/93w tx m ode rx mode wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.2.3. t ime to rssi evaluati o n the first r ssi sample will be a v ailable ts_rssi a f ter the receiver is read y , in other words ts_re + ts_rssi a f ter the receiver was re q uested to turn on. t imeline 0 t s_re t s_re +ts_rssi f s rx rx rssi irq rssi sample ready figure 2 4. t ime to rssi s a mple ts_rssi depends on the receiver b a n d wi d th, as well as the rssismoo t hing o ptio n th at w as sel e cte d. t h e fo r mu l a use d to calculate ts_rssi is pro v ide d i n s e ctio n 2.5.4. 1 1.2.4. tx to rx t urnaround t ime timeline 0 ts_h o p + t s _re 1 . set n ew frf (*) 2. set rx mode rx mode (*) o p ti o nal figure 25. tx to rx t u rnaround n o t e th e sp i instructio n tim es a re o m itte d, as the y ca n g e ne r a lly b e v e ry s m a ll as c om p a re d t o o t h e r ti m in g s ( u p to 10mhz spi clock). 1 1.2.5. rx to tx timeline 0 ts_h o p +t s _ t r 1 . set n ew frf (*) 2. set tx mo d e tx mode (*) o p ti o nal figure 26. rx to tx t u rnaround t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 64 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.2.6. rec eiv e r hop p ing, rx to rx t wo me t h o d s a r e p o ssi b l e : fi r st method time l ine 0 ts _ h o p + t s _re rx m ode, cha n nel a 1. set n ew f r f 2. set r e startrxwithplllock rx m o d e , channel b second m ethod time l ine 0 ~ t s_hop rx m ode, cha n nel a 1. set fa sthopo n =1 2 . s e t ne w frf (*) 3. wait for t s _ hop rx m o d e , channel b (*) r e g f rflsb m u st be written to tri g ger a frequ e ncy change figure 2 7. receiv e r hopping the second method is q u icke r , and should be u s ed if a very quick rf s ni f fing mec h a n ism is to be implemente d . 1 1.2.7. tx to t x 0 ~ paramp + t s _ hop ~ p a ra m p +ts_hop +ts_tr timeline tx mod e , channel a 1 . set new frf (*) 2. set fs t x m o de f st x set tx mode tx mod e , channel b figure 2 8 . t ransmit t er hopping t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 65 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing preli mina r y d a t asheet 1 1.3. receiver s t artup options t h e RFM92W/93w r e c eiv e r c a n a u t o m a ti c ally c o n t r o l t h e g a in of t h e r e c e ive c h ain ( a gc) a nd a dj u st t h e r e c e iv e r l o frequency (afc). those processes a r e car r ied o ut o n a p a cket - by - p acke t basis . t h e y occ u r: ? wh en th e r e ceive r i s t u r n e d on. ? wh en th e receive r i s r e s t art ed up on use r r e q u e st , th r o u g h th e u s e of tri g g er bi t s r e s t a r tr x w i t h o u t plll o ck or res t art r xwithplllock , i n reg r xconfig. ? when the receiver is automatically r e s t arted a f ter the r e ception of a valid p a c ket, or a f ter a p a c k et collision. automatic res t art ca p abilities are de t ailed in se c tion 1 1.4. t h e r e c e iv e r s t a r t u p o p ti on s a v a ila b le in RFM92W/93w a re d e s c r ib e d in t a ble 2 9. t a ble 2 9 r e ceiver s t artup options t ri g geri n g event r ea l iz e d f u n c ti o n agcaut oon afcautoon rx t r igger (2:0) none n one 0 0 0 0 0 r s si interrupt agc 1 0 0 01 agc & afc 1 1 0 01 preamb l edetect agc 1 0 1 10 agc & afc 1 1 1 10 r s si interrupt & preamb l edetect agc 1 0 11 1 agc & afc 1 1 11 1 w h e n agcautoo n =0, the lna g a in is manual l y selected by cho o sing l n agai n bi t s in reg l n a. 1 1.4. receiver res t art methods t h e o p ti o n s f or r e s t a r t of th e r eceive r a r e cove r e d b e lo w . t h i s is typically of u s e to pre p are f or t he r e c e ptio n of a ne w si g n a l whose strength or car r ier frequency is di f f e r e n t from the p r eceding p a cket to allow the agc or af c t o be r e - e v a luate d. 1 1.4.1. res t art upon us e r re q uest in receive mode the user can request a r e ceiver r e s t art - this can be useful in conjunc t i on wit h t he us e o f a t i me o u t i n ter r u pt foll o wi ng a p e ri od o f i nactivity in the channel of i nte r est . t wo o p tion s a re avail a ble: ? no change in the lo c al o s cillator upon re s t art: the afc is disa b led, and the f r f r e gister h a s n o t b e en changed through spi before the res t art instru c tion: set bit re s t artr x w ithoutplllo c k in r egrxconfig to 1. ? l o cal osci l lator change upon r e s t art: if afc is enabled ( af c au t o on = 1 ) , a nd/o r t he fr f re gi st er ha d b e en c h an g e d d u ri ng the la s t rx period: set bit r es t artrxwithplllo c k in regrxc o n fig to 1. note modere a dy must be at logic level 1 for a n e w res t a r trx command to be t a ken into a c count. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 66 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.4.2. automatic r e s t art a f t e r v alid pac k et recept i on t h e bi t s a utores t ar t rxmode in regsyncconfig co nt ro l t he a u t o mati c r e s t a r t fe a t u r e o f t he RFM92W/93w r e c e ive r , wh en a v a li d p a ck et h as b e e n r eceive d : ? if a u t o r e s t a rtrxmo de = 0 0 , the fun c tion is o f f, and the u s er should m a n u a ll y r e s t a rt th e r eceive r u po n v a li d p a ck et r e c e p ti on ( s e e se c t io n 1 1 . 4 . 1 ). ? if a u t o r e s t a rtrxmo de = 0 1 , a f t er th e use r ha s em ptied the fifo follow ing a paylo a dre a d y interrupt, the receiver will a utom a tica l ly r es t a rt i t s e l f a f te r a d e la y o f interpacket r xdela y , a llowin g f or th e dis t a nt t r a n s m itte r t o r am p dow n , h ence a v oiding a fal s e r ssi detection on the ? t ail? of the previous p a c k et. ? if a u t o r e s t a rtr xmo de = 1 0 s h oul d be use d i f t he n e x t r e c e ptio n i s exp e cte d on a n ew fr e qu e nc y , i.e . f rf is c h a n g e d a f ter the r e ception of the previous p acke t . an additional d e lay is systematically a d ded, in order for the pll to lock at a n e w f r eq u e n c y . 1 1.4.3. automati c r e s t art when pac k et collision is detect e d in receive mode the RFM92W/93w is able to dete c t p a cket c olli s ion and res t a r t the recei v e r . collisi o ns are detected by a s u dd en ri s e i n r e ceive d sig n a l str e ngth , d e tected by the rssi. this functional i t y ca n be us ef ul i n n e two rk c o nfig u rati o ns where many asynchr o nous sla v es a t tem p t p e riodic communication with a single a master node. the collision detector is enabled by setting bit res t art r xoncollision to 1. the decision to r e s t art the r e ce i v er is b a sed on the d etection of rssi change. the sensitivity o f th e syste m c an be a djusted in 1 db ste p s by u s ing register rs s icollisionthreshold in reg r xcon f ig . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 67 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.5. t op l evel sequencer depending on the applicatio n , it is d e sirab le to be a b le t o ch a ng e t he m o d e of th e ci rc ui t acc o r d in g t o a p r ed e fi n e d s e qu e nc e witho u t a cc e s s t o th e se ri a l i n t e rface. in order to d e fine di f fe r ent sequ e nce s o r sce n a r ios , a use r - p r o g r amm a ble s t a t e m achin e , call e d t op l e v el s e q u ence r (se q u e nce r i n sh o r t ), ca n a u tom a ticall y c o ntr ol t he c h i p mo d es. note t h a t t h is f u ncti o nality is o n l y av aila bl e in fsk/ o ok mo d e. t h e s e q u ence r i s activ a t ed by settin g t he s e q u e n c e r s t a rt bit in re gs eqco n f i g 1 to 1 in sle e p o r s t a n d b y mo de ( c all e d initial mode). it is als o p o ssible to force the sequencer o f f by setting the s t op bit in r e gse q config 1 t o 1 at a ny ti m e. n o t e se q ue n c e r s t ar t a nd s t o p bi t mus t neve r b e se t a t th e sa me t i me. 1 1.5.1. sequen c er s t ates a s sh own i n th e t a ble b el o w , wit h t he aid o f a p a i r o f i n t e r r u p t timers ( t 1 and t 2 ), the sequencer can t a ke control of the chip o p e r a t ion in a ll mo d e s. t a ble 3 0 sequencer s t ates sequ e nc er state description sequenceroff state th e s e qu e nce r i s n ot activated . sen d in g a s e qu e nce r st a r t c ommand will l aun c h it. w h e n c o min g f r o m lowpow e rsele c tio n state, the sequen c er will be off, w hil s t the chip will r e t u r n t o it s i n iti al m od e ( eith er sle ep o r sta n db y m o de ). idle state the chip is in low - pow e r mod e , either st a nd by or slee p , as d e f in e d by idlemode in r e gse q config 1 . t he se q ue n c er wait s o nl y fo r t he t 1 interrupt. tra n smit state the transmitter in on. rec e iv e st a t e the receiver in on. pa c ke t rec e i v ed th e r e c e iv e r is on an d a p a ck e t h a s be en received. it is stored in the fifo. lowpow e rsele c tion selects low po w er s t ate ( sequenceroff o r idle s t a t e) rxtimeo ut d e fine s t he actio n t o b e take n o n a rx ti me o u t i n ter r u p t. rxti m eo ut inte r ru pt c an be a timeout r xrs si , ti m eo u trxpr e am ble o r ti m eo u tsi g nalsync interrupt. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 68 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.5.2. sequen c er t ransitio n s t h e tr a nsition s betwe en s e q u ence r s t a t es a r e listed in the forthcomi n g t a ble. t a ble 3 1 sequencer t ransition optio n s variable t r an s i ti on idle m o de sel e cts t h e c h ip mode d u ring i d le s t a t e: 0: sta n dby m o de 1: s l eep mode f r om s t a rt co n t ro l s the se q uenc e r transiti o n w hen the seq u enc e r start bit is set t o 1 in sleep or st a ndby mod e : 00: to l o wpowers e l e ction 01: to r e ceive state 10: to transmit state 11: to transmit state on a fi f o t h r e shol d i n terrupt l o wpowerse l e ction sel e cts sequ e ncer lowp o we r state after a to lo w powerse l ect i on t r ansition 0: sequenceroff state with chip on initi a l m o de 1: id l e state with c h ip on stan d by or sleep mode d e pe n ding o n i d l e m ode note: in i t i a l mode is the chip l o wpower mode a t seq u encer st a rt. f r om id le co n t ro l s the se q uenc e r transiti o n from t h e i d l e state on a t 1 i n terrupt: 0: to transmit state 1: to re c e ive state f r o mtransmit co n t ro l s the se q uenc e r transiti o n from t h e tr a ns m i t s t a t e: 0: to l o wp o werselec t ion on a packetsent interrupt 1: to re c e ive s t a t e o n a pac k etsent i n t e rr u p t fr o mreceive co n t ro l s the se q uenc e r transiti o n from t h e rec e i v e state: 00 0 a n d 11 1 : u n used 00 1 : to p a ck e trec e iv e d s t a t e on a p a yloa d rea d y i n t e rr u p t 01 0 : to l o wp o w e r selection o n a p a yloa d rea d y i nt e rr u p t 01 1 : to p a ck e trec e iv e d s t a t e on a cr c ok i n terrupt. if crc i s wro n g (c o rr u pted pack e t, w ith c rc on but crcautocl e aron i s off), t h e paylo a dre a dy i n t e rrupt will dr i v e the se q ue n c e r to rxt i m e out state. 10 0 : to s e q u e n cerof f state on a rssi interrupt 10 1 : to s e q u e n cerof f state on a syncaddr e s s i n t e rr u p t 11 0 : to s e q u e n cerof f state on a preamb l edetect interrupt irr e s p ective of this sett i ng, tra n sit i on to lo w po we rs el e c ti o n o n a t2 interrupt f r omrx t im e o u t co n t ro l s the state - m a c h ine tra n s i t i on fr o m the re c e ive s t a t e o n a rxtimeo u t i n t e r ru p t ( a nd o n paylo a dr e ady if fr o m rec e i v e = 01 1 ): 00: to r e ceive state v i a rece i v e restart 01: to transmit s t a te 10: to l o wpowers e l e ction 11: to s e que n c e roff state note: rx t imeout in t e rrupt is a timeoutrxrssi , tim e outrxpreamb l e o r timeoutsi g nalsy n c interrupt. f r om p a cketreceived controls t h e st a t e - mac h ine transiti o n from t h e p a ck e t r ec e iv e d s t a t e: 000: to s e q u e n c e roff state 001: to transmit o n a fif o empty interrupt 010: to l o wpowers e l e ction 011: to r e ceive via fs mo d e , if fr e que n cy w a s ch a nged 100: to r e ceive st ate ( n o fre q ue n cy cha n ge) t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
page 69 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.5.3. t im e rs t wo time rs ( t im e r 1 an d t i m e r 2) a re al s o availa b le i n o r d e r t o d efin e pe r io dic se q ue n ces . t h es e time rs a re use d to g e n e r a te i n t e r r u p t s, w h ich c a n t r ig g er t r a n s itio n s of t h e s e q u e n c e r . t1 inter r u p t is generated ( t imer1resoluti o n * t imer1coe f ficient) a f ter t2 i n t e rrup t o r sequencer s tar t . com m and. t2 inter r u p t is generated ( t imer2resoluti o n * t imer2coe f ficient) a f ter t1 i n t e rrup t . the timers? m e chanism is summarized on th e following dia g r a m. sequ e ncer st a r t t2 interrupt time r 2 ti m e r 1 t1 interrupt fig u re 29. ti mer1 and t imer2 mechanism no t e th e ti me r s e q ue nce is c om pl e t e d i n d ep e n d en tly o f t h e a ct u al s e q ue n c er s t a t e. th u s , b o th ti m e r s n ee d to be on to achi e v e pe r io dic cycli n g. t a ble 3 2 sequencer t imer settings v a ri a b l e d esc r i p ti o n t imer1r e s o luti o n r e sol u t i on of t i m e r1 0 0 : d isab l ed 0 1 : 6 4 u s 1 0 : 4 . 1 ms 1 1 : 2 62 ms t imer2r e s o luti o n r e sol u t i on of t i m e r2 0 0 : d isab l ed 0 1 : 6 4 u s 1 0 : 4 . 1 ms 1 1 : 2 62 ms t imer1c o e f f i cient m u lt i p lyi n g coe f ficie n t for t i m e r1 t imer2c o e f f i cient m u lt i p lyi n g coe f ficie n t for t i m e r2 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 70 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 1 1.5.4. sequen c er s t ate machine t h e foll o wi ng g r ap hs sum m a r iz e e v e r y possibl e t r ansitio n b e tw e e n e a c h s e q u ence r s t a t e. t he seq u e n c er s t ate s a r e hi g hli gh t e d in g r e y . th e t r a n siti on s ar e r e p re se n t e d b y a r r o ws. th e c o n d iti o n a c tiv a ti n g t he m is d e sc r i b ed o v e r t h e transition arro w . for better readabilit y , the s t art tran s itions are se p a rated from the rest of the graph. t r a nsitor y s t a t es a re hi gh l ighte d i n lig h t g r e y , a nd ex i t s t a t es a re r e p r e s e nte d i n re d. i t i s als o p ossibl e t o fo r c e the s e qu e nce r o f f b y setti ng t he s t o p bit i n r e g s e q c o n f ig1 to 1 at any t ime. se q ue n c e r : st a r t tr a n s i t i o n s se q ue n cer o f f & in i ti a l mo de = s l eep or s t an d by on s e qu e nc e r s t art b i t ris i ng e d ge i f fromstart = 00 sta r t o n fif o thr e sho l d i f f r o m s t a rt = 11 if fromst a r t = 01 if fromstart = 10 lowpower selection re c eive trans m it se q ue n c e r : st a t e m ac h i n e i f l o wpowersel e ct ion = 1 sta n dby i f idl e m o de = 0 s l e e p if id l emode = 1 l owpower selection i f l o wpowersel e ction = 0 ( mo d e t e i n it i al mo d e ) sequencer off idle if frompa c k e t r e ce i ved = 0 0 0 if f r o m pac k etrec e iv e d = 0 10 on t1 if fromid l e = 0 o n t1 if from i dle = 1 packet recei v ed on p a yl o a d r e a dy if fromrec e ive = 0 10 if frompa c k e t re c ei v ed = 100 via fs mo d e i f f r o m p a c k etrec e iv e d = 0 1 1 on t2 on p a yl o a d r e ady if fromrec e ive = 0 01 on crcok if fromre c ei v e = 011 o n pay l oa d r e a d y if fromre c ei v e = 011 (c r c fa i l e d a nd crcaut o c l ear o n =0) on r x ti m e o u t receive o n rssi i f fromre c ei v e = 1 0 0 on sy n cadress i f fromrec e ive = 1 01 on pream b le if fromrec e ive = 1 10 o n pack e tsent if fromtran s mit = 1 o n packe t s e n t if f r o m r x tim e out = 10 via rece i veres t art i f fromrxt i m e o ut = 00 transmit if fromtran s mit = 0 r x time o ut if from r x ti m eout = 11 if fromrxti m eout = 01 sequencer o ff fig u re 30. seque n cer s t ate mac h ine t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 71 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 12. da t a processi n g in fsk/ook mode 12.1. overview 1 2.1 .1. b l ock diagram figure below illustrates t h e RFM92W/93w da t a processing c ircuit. i t s role is to inter f ace the da t a to/from the modulator/d e modulator and the uc access p o in t s (spi and dio pin s ). it also controls all the configuration r e gisters. t h e circ u i t con t ai n s s e v e r al co nt ro l bl ock s w h ic h a re descri b e d i n th e fol l owin g p a r ag r a p hs. t x / r x c o ntrol d i o0 d i o1 d i o2 d i o3 d i o4 d i o5 data r x s y nc reco g. tx packet handler fifo (+s r ) spi nss sck mosi m i s o poten t i a l d at a pat hs (d at a o p e r at i o n m o d e d e p e n dan t ) figure 3 1. RFM92W/93w da t a processing co n c ep t ual v iew t h e RFM92W/93w i m ple m en t s seve r a l d a t a op e r a ti on m o d e s , e a c h wit h thei r ow n da t a p at h th r ou gh th e d a t a p r ocessing s e ctio n. de p en d in g on t he d a t a op e r a ti on m o de selecte d, s o me control blocks are active whilst others r e main disa b led. 1 2.1.2. d a t a operation modes t h e RFM92W/93w ha s tw o di f f e r e nt d a t a o p e r atio n m o de s selec t a b l e b y t he use r: ? co n ti n u o us m od e: each bit transmitted or received is a c cessed in r e al t i m e a t t h e di o 2 / d a t a pi n . th is mo de ma y b e u s ed if adequate e x ter n al signal processing is avail a ble. ? p a cket mo de ( r eco m me n de d ) : use r o nl y pr ov ides/r e t ri eve s p a yloa d by t es to/ f rom the f i f o . the p a cket is au t omatically b uil t wit h p r e a mbl e, syn c w o rd , a nd op ti o na l cr c a nd dc - f r e e e nco di n g sche m e s t h e r eve r s e o pe r atio n i s p e rfo r m ed in r e cep t ion. the uc processing o v e r head is hence sig n ific an tly r e d u c e d c o m p a r ed t o c o n t in u o u s m od e. d e p en di n g on th e o ptio n a l f e atu r e s activate d (crc , etc ) t he maxim um p a y l oa d l e ng t h i s limite d t o 2 5 5 , 2 0 47 byt es or u n limited. ea c h o f t h e s e da t a o p e ra tion mo d e s is f ully d e s c ri b ed in t he f oll o wi n g se c ti o n s . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 72 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 1 2.1.3. fifo 1 2 .1.3.1. overview and shi f t register (sr) i n p acke t m o d e o f op e r a t i o n , b ot h da t a t o b e tr a nsmitt ed an d th at h as b e e n r e c e ive d a re sto r e d i n a confi g ur a bl e fifo (fir s t in first out) devi c e. it is ac cess ed vi a t he sp i inte r f ace an d p r o vi d e s s e v e r al i n t e r r u p t s fo r t r ansfe r m an a g e me n t . the fifo is 1 b y te wide hence it o n ly perfor m s b y te ( p arallel) operatio n s, whe r e a s the demod u lator functions seriall y . a s h i f t r e giste r i s t h e r efo re em pl oye d t o inte rf ac e t he tw o d evic e s . i n tra n smi t m o d e i t t ake s by t es fr om t he fif o a nd outp u t s them serially ( m sb fir s t) at the program m ed bit r a te to the mod u lato r . similarl y , in rx the s h i f t r e gist er ge t s bit b y bi t d a t a from the demodulator and writes them byte by byte to the fifo. t h is is illustrated in figure belo w . b y te1 b y te0 f ifo data t x / r x 1 8 sr (8bi t s ) m s b l sb fi g ure 32. fifo and shi f t register ( s r) n o t e whe n switchi n g t o sle ep m od e, t he fif o c an o nl y b e use d onc e t he m o der e ad y fla g i s set ( q u a si i mm e d ia t e f r o m all modes except from tx) 12.1.3.2. s ize the fifo size is fixed to 64 b y tes. 12.1.3.3. i n t errupt source s and flags ? fif o e m pty : fifoemp t y inte r r u p t s o u r c e i s hi gh w h e n b yt e 0, i.e . w h ol e f i fo, is empt y . otherwise it is lo w . note that when retrie v ing da t a f rom the f i f o , fi f oe mp ty is updated on n s s f a lling edge, i . e. when fif o empt y i s u p date d t o l ow s t ate th e c u rr entl y s t a rte d r ea d op e r a ti on mu st be completed. in other words, fifoemp t y s t a t e mus t be c h ecke d a f t er each r e ad op e r a t ion f or a d e ci s ion o n t h e n e xt o n e ( fifoempty = 0 : mo re b yt e ( s ) t o r e a d ; fi f oe mp ty = 1: no more byte to r e a d) . ? fifoful l : fif o ful l inter rupt source is high when the last fifo b y t e , i.e. the whole fifo, is full. otherwise it is lo w . ? fifooverrun f lag : fifooverrun f lag is set when a new b y te is written by the user (in tx or s t andby mod e s) or the sr (in rx mode) wh i le the fifo is already full. d a t a is lost and the flag s h ould be cleared by writing a 1, note that the fifo will al s o be clea r e d. ? packetsen t : packetsent inter r upt sou r ce goes high when the sr's last bit has been sent. ? fifolevel : th r esh old ca n b e p r o g r am m e d b y fifot h r e s h ol d in r e g f if ot h r e s h . i t s beha v ior is illustrated in figure belo w . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 73 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet fifo l ev e l 1 0 b b +1 # o f b y t e s i n fifo f igure 33. f ifol e vel irq source beh a vi o r note - fifol e vel interrupt is u p d a ted only a f ter a r e a d or w r it e o pe r atio n o n th e fifo . t h u s th e inte r ru pt ca n no t be dyn a micall y u p date d b y o nl y c h an g in g th e fi f o th r esh old p a r a meter - fifolevel interrupt is valid as long as fifofull does not occu r . an empty fifo w ill resto r e i t s normal operation 12.1.3.4. f i fo c learing t a bl e b e lo w s u mm a rize s t he s t at u s of th e f i fo when switchi n g between di f f e r e n t mod e s t a ble 3 3 s t at u s of f ifo wh e n switc h ing be t w e en diff e rent modes of the c h ip fr om to fi f o s t atus commen t s s t dby sl e e p no t c l eared sleep s t d by no t c l eared s t d b y/sl e e p tx no t c l eared t o al l o w t h e use r t o wri te t h e f ifo i n s t d by/s l ee p b e f o r e tx s t d b y / sle e p r x c l e a r ed rx tx cle a r e d rx s t dby /s le ep no t c l eared t o a l lo w t h e use r t o r e a d f ifo i n s t d b y/sl e e p mod e a f t e r rx t x a n y c l e a r ed 1 2.1.4. sync w o rd r e cogniti o n 12.1.4.1. o ver v iew sync word recognition (al s o calle d patter n r ecog n iti o n ) i s act i v a t ed by settin g syncon in regsyncco n fi g . t h e bit synchroni z er mu s t also be a c tivated in cont i nuous mode (automa t ically done in packet mod e ). t h e bloc k b eh a v es lik e a s h i f t r e gister ; i t co nt inu o usl y c o m p a r e s th e inco mi n g da t a wit h i t s int e rn a ll y p r o g ra m me d sync w o r d a n d se t s s y n ca d d r e s s m a t ch when a match is detected. this is illu s trated in figure 34 belo w . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 74 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet r x d a t a (nrz) b i t n - x = s y nc_ v alue[ x ] b i t n - 1 = s y nc_ v alue [ 1] b i t n = s y nc_ v alue [ 0] dc lk s ync a d d r e ss m atch figure 3 4 . sy n c word reco g nition d u ri ng t he com p a r iso n of th e d em o dul a t ed d a t a , t he f i rs t bit r eceive d i s com p a r e d wit h b i t 7 ( msb ) o f regsync v alue1 a n d t he las t bi t r e c e iv ed i s com p a r e d wit h bit 0 ( l sb ) o f th e l a s t b yt e wh ose a d d r es s i s d e t e r m ined by the length of the sync word. w h e n th e p r og r am m e d syn c wo rd i s detecte d th e use r c an ass u m e t h a t thi s incomi n g p ack et i s fo r t he n o d e a n d c an be p r o c es s ed a cc or di n gl y . sy n ca d d r e s s m a t ch is cle a red when leavi n g rx or f i fo is emptied. 12.1.4.2. c onfiguration ? size: sync w ord si z e c an be set from 1 to 8 bytes (i.e. 8 to 64 bi t s) via s yn c size in regsyncconfig . in p a c ket m od e t h is fiel d i s als o use d f or sy nc wo rd g e ne r atio n i n t x m o d e. ? v al u e: t he s y nc w o rd v alue is c onfigured in s y n c v al u e ( 6 3 : 0) . i n pack et m o d e thi s fi eld i s al s o us e d fo r syn c w o rd g en e r a t ion in t x mo d e . no t e s y nc v a l u e ch o ic e s co n t a ini n g 0 x 00 b yt e s a r e n o t all o w e d 1 2.1.5. packet ha n dler the p a cket h a n d ler is the b l ock used in packet mode. i t s functionality is fully d e sc ri be d i n s e cti on 12.4. 1 2.1.6. c o ntrol the con t r o l block configures and contr o ls the full chip's beh a vi or acco r di ng t o t he setting s p r o g r a mme d i n th e co n fi g u r ation r e gi s te r s. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 75 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 12.2. digi t al io pins mapping si x g e n e ra l p u r pos e i o pi n s a re av a ilabl e o n th e RFM92W/93w , a n d th eir co n fi g u r atio n i n c o ntin u ou s o r packe t mo de is c o ntr o lle d th r ou gh regdiomapping1 an d r e gdiom a p p ing 2 . t a ble 3 4 d i o mapping, continuo u s mode di o x m a p pi n g s le ep sta nd by f s rx / t x rx t x 00 - s y nc a d d ress t x r e a dy 01 - rs s i / p re a m b le det e c t - 10 - r x r e a d y t x r e a d y 11 - 00 - d c l k 01 - rs s i / p re a m b le det e c t - 10 - 11 - 00 - d a t a 0 1 - d a t a 10 - d a t a 11 - d a t a 00 - t i m e o u t - 01 - rs s i / p re a m b le det e c t - 10 - 11 - t e m p c h a n ge / lowba t t e m p ch an ge / l o w b at 00 - t e m p c h a n ge / lowba t 01 - pl l lo c k 10 - t i m e o ut - 11 - m o d e r e a d y m o d e re ady 00 cl k o u t i f rc c l k o ut c l k o ut 01 - pl l lo c k 10 - rs s i / p re a m b le det e c t - 11 - m o d e r e a d y m o d e re ady t a ble 3 5 d i o mapping, packet mode d io x m a p p i n g sle ep st a n dby fs r x / t x r x t x 00 - pa y l o ad re a dy p a c k ets e nt 01 - cr co k - 10 - 11 - t e m pc ha n g e / l owba t t e m p c h a ng e / l owbat 00 f i f o l e v e l f i f o l ev el f i f o l ev el 01 f i fo e m p ty f i f oe m pty f ifo e m p ty 10 f i f o f ul l f i f o fu l l f i f o fu l l 11 - 00 f i f o f ul l f i f o fu l l f i f o fu l l 01 - r x r ea dy - 10 f i f o f ul l t i m e o ut f i f o f ull 11 f i f o f ul l s y n c ad dr e s s f i f o f ull 00 f i f o e m pty f i f oe m pty fi f oe m p t y 01 - t x r ea dy 10 f i f o e m pty f i f oe m pty fi f oe m p t y 11 f i f o e m pty f i f oe m pty fi f oe m p t y 00 - t e m pc ha n g e / l owba t t e m p c h a ng e / l owbat 01 - pll l o c k 10 - t i m e o ut - 11 - r ss i / prea m b ledete c t - 00 c l k o u t i f rc cl k o u t c l k o u t 01 - pll l o c k 10 - d a ta 11 - m o d er ea dy m od er e a d y dio0 dio1 dio2 dio3 dio4 dio5 dio5 dio4 dio3 dio2 dio1 dio0 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 76 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 12.3. continuous mode 1 2.3.1. ge n eral description as illustrated in figure 35, in continuous mode the nrz da t a to (from) the (de)modulator is direc t ly acces s ed by the uc on the bidir e ctional dio2/d a t a pin. the f i fo and p acket handler are thus inactive. t x / r x co n t r o l d i o 0 d i o 1 / d c l k d i o 2 / d a t a d i o 3 d i o 4 d i o 5 d a t a rx s yn c rec og . spi n ss s c k m o s i m i s o fi g ure 35. conti n uous mo d e conc e ptual v iew 1 2.3.2. tx proces s ing in t x mo d e , a s yn c h r o no us da t a cl o ck f or an ex t e r n a l uc is p r o v ided on dio1/dclk pin. cl o ck timing wi t h respect to the da t a is illu s trated in figure 36. d a t a is internally sampled on the rising edge of d clk s o t h e uc c an change logic s t ate a n ytim e o u t si de th e g r aye d ou t s e t u p/h o l d z o n e. t _d a ta t _d a ta da t a ( nrz) dclk figure 3 6. tx proc e ssing in conti n uous mo d e n o t e th e us e of dc lk i s r e qui r e d w h e n th e m o d u la tion sha p ing is enabl e d (see section 3.4.5). t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 77 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelim ina r y d at a sheet 1 2.3.3. rx pr o cessing if t h e b it sy n c h r o ni z er is d is ab le d , t h e r a w d e mo d u la t or o u t p ut is ma de di r e c tly a v ail ab le on d a t a p in a nd n o d c l k s ig n al is provid e d . c o nve r s e l y , i f t he bi t synch r on i z er i s e na b led , synch r o n ou s cle a ne d d a t a a n d c l o c k a r e ma de a v a ila b le r espectivel y on dio2/d a t a and dio1/d c lk pins. d at a is sampled on the rising edge of d clk and update d o n th e falling edge as i l lustrated belo w . da t a ( n rz) dclk f igure 37. rx processing in c o nti n uous mode note in conti nuous mode it is always r e com m ended to enable the bit synch r onizer to clean the d a t a sig n al e v en if the dc lk sig n a l i s n o t us e d b y t he u c ( b i t sy nc hr o n izer is automatically enabled in packet mode). 12.4. packet mode 1 2.4.1. ge n eral description i n p a ck e t m o d e th e nr z d a t a t o ( f r o m) th e ( d e )m o du l ato r i s n o t di r e ctl y acc e ss ed b y th e uc b u t stored in the fifo a n d ac c e s s e d v ia t h e spi i n t e r f a c e. i n a d dition , th e RFM92W/93w p acke t h a ndl e r pe r for ms s e v e r al p acke t o r ie n t ed t a sk s suc h as pr e am b l e a n d sy nc w o r d g e n e r a tion, crc calcul a t ion/ch e ck, white n ing / d e white n ing of d a t a , manchester e n c o din g / d eco d ing , a d d r es s filte r in g, e tc. t h is simplifies so f tware and reduces uc overhead by perfor m i n g t h e s e r e p e titi v e t a s ks wi thin the r f chip i t self. another impor t ant f eature i s ability to fill and empty the f i fo in sleep/ s t dby mode, ens u ring optimum power consumption and adding more flexi b ility for the so f t w are. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 78 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet c o n t r o l d i o 0 d i o 1 d i o 2 d i o 3 d i o 4 d i o 5 d a t a rx tx sync r e c og. pa c ket h a nd l e r f i fo ( + s r ) spi n ss s c k m o s i m i s o figu r e 38. p a ck e t m o de conceptual v i e w no t e th e b it s y nc hr o n iz e r is a u t o ma tically enabled in packet mode. 1 2.4.2. packet f or m at 12.4.2.1. fi x ed length packet for m at fixed length p a cket for m at is se l e cted when bit packetformat is s et to 0 and p a yloa d le n gt h is s et to a n y v a lue g r e a t e r than 0. in applicatio n s whe r e the p a cket length is fixe d i n a d v a nce , th i s mo de o f o pe r a t i o n m a y be o f in t e r e s t to m ini m ize r f ov er h e ad ( no len g t h byt e fi eld i s r eq u ir e d ). al l no d es , wh eth e r t x o n l y , r x o nl y , or tx/r x s h o u l d b e p ro g r a mm ed wit h the same p a cket length value. t h e l e ngt h o f th e p aylo ad i s limite d t o 2 04 7 by t e s. t h e l e n g t h pr o g r am m e d i n p a yloa d l e ngt h r el a t es o nl y t o t he p aylo ad whic h i n cl u de s th e m ess a g e an d t he o p ti o n al a d d r e s s b y t e. in t h is m od e, t h e p a ylo a d m u s t c o n t ain at least one byte, i.e. address or message byte. an illustration of a fixed length p a c k et is s hown belo w . it con t ains the follo w ing fields: ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0...) ? syn c w o r d (n etw o r k id) ? optional address b y te ( n ode id) ? m e ss a g e d a t a ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 79 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet op t i ona l d c f r e e da t a c od i ng cr c c heck s u m c a l c u l at i o n p re a m bl e 0 t o 6553 6 by t e s s yn c w or d 0 t o 8 by t e s addre s s by t e m e s s age u p t o 20 4 7 by t e s crc 2 - by t e s p ay l oad ( m in 1 by t e ) f i e l d s adde d b y t h e pac k e t h and l e r in t x an d pro c e s s e d an d r e m ove d in rx op t i o na l u s e r prov i de d f i e l d s w h i c h ar e par t o f t h e p a y l oad m e s s ag e par t o f t h e pay l oad figure 39. fix e d len g th packet f o rmat 12.4.2.2. v a riable length pac k et format v a riable length p a cket format is selected when bit p a cketf o rm at is s et to 1. t h is mode is use f ul in applicati o ns where the len g th of the p a ck et i s n o t k n ow n i n a d v a nc e a n d ca n va ry o v er tim e. i t i s t h en n e c e ss a ry f o r t h e t r an s m itt e r t o s en d t he le ng th i n f o r ma ti o n t o g e t h e r w ith e a ch p a ck e t in o r d e r f or t h e r e c ei v er to o p e r a t e p r o p e r l y . i n t h i s mo de th e le n gt h of t he p aylo a d , in di c a te d by t he l e n g t h byte, is given by the first byte of the fifo and is limited to 2 5 5 b yt e s . n o t e t h a t t he le n gt h byt e i t s e l f i s no t inclu d e d i n i t s calcul a ti o n . i n thi s m o de , t h e p a yload must con t ain at least 2 by t e s , i. e. l e ngt h + ad d r e s s o r m ess a g e b yte. an illustration of a variable length p a c ke t is sho w n belo w . it con t ains the following fields: ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0...) ? syn c w o r d (n etw o r k id) ? l en g t h byte ? optional address b y te ( n ode id) ? m e ss a g e d a t a t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 80 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum o p t i ona l d c f re e da t a c o d i ng cr c c heck s u m c a l c u l at i o n p re a m b le 0 t o 655 3 6 by t e s s yn c w or d 0 t o 8 by t e s leng t h by t e a dd r e s s b y t e m e s s age u p t o 2 5 5 by t e s c r c 2 - b y t e s p ay l oad ( m in 2 by t e s ) f i e l d s adde d b y t h e pa c k e t hand l e r in t x a n d pro c es s e d an d r e m ove d in rx o pt i ona l u s e r prov i de d f i e l d s w h i c h ar e par t o f t h e pay l oad m es s ag e par t o f t h e pa y l oad figure 4 0. v aria b le l ength p a ck e t format 12.4.2.3. u nlimited le n g t h p a cke t fo r m at unlimited length p a c k et format is sele c ted w hen b i t packetformat i s s e t t o 0 an d p a yl o ad l e n gt h is set t o 0. t h e use r ca n th en t r a n s m i t an d r eceiv e p ack et o f a r bi t r a ry le n gt h a nd p a yl o a d le n gt h r e gist er i s n ot use d i n tx/r x mo d e s for counting the len g th of the bytes transmitted/r e ceive d . in tx the d a t a is tra n smitted depending on the t x s t artcondition bit. on the rx side the d a t a processing features l i ke a d d r es s filt e ri n g , m a nch e ste r e n c od ing an d d a t a w hit en ing ar e n o t a vail ab le if t h e sy n c p a t t e r n le ng th is s e t to z e r o ( syncon = 0 ). the filling of the fifo in this case can be controlle d by the bit fifofill c onditio n . the crc detection in r x is al s o n ot s u pp o rte d i n thi s m o d e o f th e p acke t h a n d le r , h ow e ver c r c generation in tx is op e r a ti o n al. t h e i n t e r r u p t s l i ke cr c ok & paylo a drea d y a r e n o t a v ail a ble e it h e r . an u n limited len g th p acket s hown below is made up of the following field s : ? p r ea m bl e ( 10 1 0... ). ? syn c w o r d (n etw o r k id ). ? optional address b y te ( n ode id). ? m e ss a g e d a t a ? optional 2 - by t es crc checksum (tx onl y ) d c f r ee da t a e n c o di n g p r e a m b l e 0 t o 655 35 by t e s s yn c w or d 0 t o 8 by t e s a ddre s s by t e me s sa g e un l i m it e d le n g t h p a y l oad f i e l d s a d d e d b y t he pa c k e t h an d le r i n t x a n d p r oce s sed a n d r e m ove d i n rx m es s a g e pa r t o f t h e p a y l o a d o p t i o n al u s e r p ro v i d ed f i e l d s w h i c h a re p a r t of t h e p a y l o a d figure 4 1. unlimited l e ngth pack e t for m a t t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 81 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 1 2.4.3. tx proces s ing i n t x mo de t he p a cke t ha n dl er dyn a micall y b uild s t he p a ck et b y p e r f o r mi n g th e followi n g op e r a ti o n s on t he p a yl o a d availa b le in the fifo: ? a dd a p r og r am m abl e nu m be r o f p r e am b l e byt es ? a dd a p r og r am m abl e sy nc wo rd ? optionally calculating crc over complete p ayload field ( o p t ional length byte + o ptio n a l ad d r e s s byt e + m e ss a ge ) a n d a pp e n d in g th e 2 b yte s c h ecks u m . ? optional dc - f r e e e n codi n g of the d a t a (m a nch e ste r o r white n in g) onl y t he p ayloa d (i nclu d i n g o ptio n a l ad d r e s s a nd len g t h f i elds) is r e q u ired to be p r o v ided by the user in the fifo. t h e t ra ns m is s ion of p a c k et d a t a is i n iti a t e d by t he p ac k et h andler only if the chip is i n t x m o d e a nd t he t r ansmission c o nditio n d e fi n e d by t x s t a r tco n ditio n is fulfilled. if transmis s ion condition is not fulfilled then the p a c ket handler tran sm i t s a p r e am b l e se q ue n c e u n ti l th e con d ition is met. this happens only i f t he p r e a mbl e le n gt h / = 0 , othe r wis e i t t r a n sm i t s a z e r o or o n e u n til the c o nd ition is m et to tra nsmit the p a cket da t a. the tra n smiss i on condition i t self is defin e d a s : ? i f tx s t a r tc o nditio n = 1, the p acket handler wai t s until the first b y te is w rit t en into the fifo, then it s t ar t s sending the p r e am ble f oll o w e d by t h e sy n c wo r d a nd u s e r p a y lo a d ? if t x s t a r tcondition = 0, the p acket handler wai t s u n til the number of by t es writte n i n th e f if o i s e q u al t o th e n u mb er d e fined in r e gfifo t h r es h + 1 ? if the condition for tran s mi s sion w as a l ready fulfilled i.e. the fifo w as filled in sleep/ s t dby t h en the transmis s ion of p acke t s t a r t s imme di atel y o n e na b lin g tx 1 2.4.4. rx pr o cessing i n r x m od e th e p a cke t h a ndl e r extr a c t s t he use r p a y lo a d to t h e f i f o by p er fo rm ing t he f o ll o wing op e r a t io n s: ? receivi n g t he p r ea m bl e a n d st ri p p in g i t o f f ? detecting the sync word and str ip p ing it o f f ? optional dc - f r e e d e codi n g of da t a ? option a ll y ch e cki ng t he a d dr ess byte ? optionally che c king c rc and reflecting the result on crco k . onl y t he p ayloa d (i nclu d i n g o ptio n a l ad d r e s s a nd len g t h fi el ds ) i s m ad e av aila b le i n th e fifo. w h e n th e r x m o d e i s e na b le d t he d e mo d ul a t or r eceive s th e p re am ble f o llo w ed by t h e de te c t i on of s y nc word. if fixed l e n g t h p ack et f o rm at i s en a bl ed th en th e nu m be r of b yt es r eceiv ed a s th e p aylo ad i s give n b y th e paylo a dl e n g th p a ra m e t e r . i n va ri abl e l e ngt h m o d e t he fi r st byt e r ecei v e d a f t er t he syn c w o r d i s i n t e r p r e t ed as the len g th of the received p a cke t . the internal length counter is initialized to this r e ce i v ed length. the payloa d l e ngt h register is s et to a v alue which is greater t h a n t he m a ximu m exp e cte d le n gt h of t he r eceiv ed p acket . i f t h e r eceive d le n gt h i s g r e ate r t h a n th e maxim um le n gt h sto r ed in p a yloa d le n gt h r egiste r th e p a cke t i s d i sca r d ed oth erwi s e the c omplete p a c ket is received. i f t he ad d r e s s chec k i s e n abl e d the n t he s e c o n d b yt e r eceive d i n c a s e of va ri a b l e len g t h an d fi r s t byt e i n c a s e o f fixed l e n g t h i s t he a d d r es s byt e. i f th e ad d r e s s m a tch es t o th e o n e i n th e n o dea d d r es s fi el d , r e c e ptio n o f t he d a t a c o ntin u e s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 82 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet otherwise it's stopped. the c r c c h ec k i s p e rfo r m ed i f cr c on = 1 and the result is a v ailable in cr c ok i n di c a t ing t h a t t h e crc w as s uc c e s sful. an interrupt ( paylo a dre a d y ) i s al s o g e ne r ate d o n dio 0 a s so on as the p a yload is avail a ble in the f i f o . t h e p aylo ad avail a bl e i n th e f if o c an als o b e r e ad i n slee p / s t a n d b y m od e. if the crc fails the paylo a drea d y inter r u p t is n o t generated and the f i fo is cl e a r ed . t h i s f u ncti on ca n b e ov er ri d d e n by se t ting c r cautocle a rof f = 1, forcing the availability of p a yl o adr e ad y interrupt and the p ayload in the fifo e v en if the crc fail s . 1 2.4.5. h a ndling l arge pack e t s w h e n paylo a dl e n g t h exceeds fifo size (64 b y tes) whe t h e r in fixed, variable or u n limited length p a cket for m at, in addition to packetsent in tx and p a yloa d r e a dy or c rc o k in rx, the f i fo inter r up t s/flags can be used as described bel o w: ? f or tx: fifo c an be prefilled in sle e p/ s t andby but must be refill e d on - the - fly during tx w ith the rest of the p a yload. 1) pre - fill fifo (in sleep/ s t andby f i rst or directly in tx mode) until fifot h r e s h ol d or fifofull is set 2) in tx, wait f or fifot h r e s h ol d or fifoemp t y to be set (i.e. f i fo is nearly empty) 3) w r ite bytes into the fifo until fi f othreshold or fi f o fu ll is set. 4) c o ntinu e t o st ep 2 unti l th e e n ti re m e ss a g e h a s b e e n w r itt en t o th e fif o ( packet s ent will fire w hen the last bit of the p a cke t ha s b e e n se n t ). ? f or rx: fifo must be unfilled o n - the - fly during rx to prevent fifo o v errun. 1) s t a rt r e a d i n g b y tes f r om the f i f o w he n fi f oe mp ty is c le a r e d or fifot h r e s h ol d becomes set. 2) s u s p e n d r e a d i n g fr o m t h e f i f o if fifoempty fir e s before all b y tes of the message h a ve been r e ad 3) con t inue to step 1 until paylo a dre a d y or crc o k fi r e s 4) re ad al l r e mai n in g b yte s f r o m th e f if o eithe r i n r x o r sl e e p / s t a n d by m o de 1 2.4.6. packet f iltering the RFM92W/93w p a cket handler o f fers several m e chanisms for p a cket filtering, e n suring that o n ly useful p acke t s are made av aila b le t o t he uc , r e d ucin g sig n ifica n tl y syste m p o w er co n s u mptio n a n d so f t wa re c o mpl e xit y . 12.4.6.1. s ync word based sync word filtering/recognition is used for identifying the s t art of the p aylo a d a n d al s o fo r n e two rk i d e n tificatio n. as p r e v io u sly de sc r ib e d, t h e s ync w o rd r e c o g n i tio n bl oc k i s co nf igu r e d (size , v a lue ) i n r e gs y n c co n fig a nd r e gs y n c v al u e ( i) r e gi s te r s. t his in f o rm a t i o n is u s e d , bo th f o r a p p en ding sync word in t x , and filtering p a cke t s in rx. every r e ceived p acket which does not s t art with this locally confi g u r ed sync word is auto m atic a ll y di sc a rd ed a nd no i n ter r u pt i s ge n e r ated. when the sync word is dete c ted, p a ylo a d r e c e ptio n a utom a tic a ll y s t a r t s a nd sy nc a d d r ess m atc h is asser t ed. n o t e sy nc wo rd valu e s co n t ai ni n g 0x0 0 byt e (s ) a r e fo r bi d den 12.4.6.2. addre s s based ad d r e ss fil t e r ing c a n be e n a b l e d via t he a ddressfiltering bi t s. i t ad ds a n othe r l e v el of f i l te ri n g , a b ov e sy nc w o r d (i . e. sync m u st match fir s t), typ ically u s e f ul in a multi - node networ k s w h er e a netwo rk i d i s sh a re d b e tw e e n al l n od es (syn c wo r d ) a n d e ac h n o d e h as i t s ow n i d ( a d d r e ss). t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 83 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet t wo ad d r e s s b a s ed filt e rin g optio ns a r e a v a ilabl e : ? ad dr es sf ilte r i n g = 0 1 : r e c e iv e d a d d r e s s f ield is c o m p a r ed w ith in t e r n a l r e g is t er nod e add r es s . if they ma t ch then t he p acke t i s accept ed an d p r o c es s e d , o t h e r w i s e i t i s d i sca r d e d. ? ad dr es sf ilte r i n g = 1 0 : r e c e iv ed a d d r es s fi eld i s co m p a r ed wit h inte r na l r egiste rs n o d e a d d r e s s a nd b r o a d c a s ta d d r e s s . i f ei t h e r i s a m a tc h, th e r eceive d p a cke t i s ac c e pte d a n d p ro c e s s e d, o t h e r w ise it is d i s c a rded. this additional check with a c o n s t an t is u se f ul f o r i mp le me n t ing broadcast in a multi - node n e two r ks ple a se note that the r e ceived address b y t e, as p art of the p aylo a d , i s n ot st ri p p e d o f f t he p a cke t a nd i s m a d e avail a bl e in the fif o . in addi t ion, n o d e a d d r es s an d addressfiltering o n ly apply to rx. on tx side, if address filtering is e x p e cted, the a d d r e s s byte should simply be put into the fifo l ike any o t h e r b y te of the p a yload. a s a d dr ess filt e ri ng r e qui r e s a sy nc wo rd match , both fea t u r es share t h e same interrupt flag sy n ca d d r e s s m a t c h . 12.4.6.3. length based in variable length packet mode, paylo a dl e n g t h m u s t b e p r o g ra m me d wit h t he m ax i mu m p a ylo ad len g t h p e r mitt e d . if r e c ei ved len g t h b y t e i s s mall e r t h a n t hi s ma xi m um t h e n the p a cket is accep t ed and processed, otherwise it is discarded. please note that the received l e ngth byte, as p a rt of the p a y load, is not str i p p e d o f f th e p a ck et a n d i s m a d e a v a ilabl e i n the f i f o . t o di s a bl e thi s f u nctio n th e u s er sho u l d s et th e va l u e o f t he paylo a dl e n g t h t o 2 0 4 7. 12.4.6.4. c rc ba s ed the crc check is enabled by setting bit cr c on in r e g p a c ke t c o n f ig 1 . it is used for checking the integrity of the messag e . ? o n tx side a two byte crc checksum is calcul a t ed on t h e p a yl o a d p a rt o f th e p acke t a n d a p p e nd ed t o t he en d o f the mes s age ? on r x side the che c ksum is cal c ulated on t he re c eived p a yload and com p ared wi t h the t wo checksum bytes received. t he r es u lt of t h e c o m p a r is o n is s to re d in b it cr c o k. b y d efault , i f t he cr c c h ec k f a il s t h e n t he fif o i s auto m atic a ll y cl e a r e d an d n o int er r u p t is generated. t h is filte r ing functi o n c an b e disa b l e d vi a crcautoclearoff bit and in this case, even if crc f a ils, the fifo is not c leared and only paylo a dre a dy interrupt goes high. please note that in both c a s es, the t wo c rc checksum b y tes a r e stripped o f f by the p a c ket handler a n d o n ly the p a y lo a d is ma de a v a ila b le in t h e f if o. t wo crc impl e m en t a tions are selected with bit c r cw hi t e nin g t y p e . t a ble 36 c r c description crc t y pe cr c w h it e n i n g t y p e polynomial seed v a lue compl e mented c c i tt 0 (d ef a u lt) x 16 + x 1 2 + x 5 + 1 0x1d0f y e s ibm 1 x 16 + x 1 5 + x 2 + 1 0 xf f ff no a c co d e i m pl em e n t a tion o f e a ch c r c t ype is proposed in application sec tion 7. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 84 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 1 2.4.7. dc - free d a t a mechani s ms t h e p ayl o a d t o be t r a n s m itte d ma y con t ain lo ng se q ue n c es of 1's and 0's, which i n troduces a dc bias in the transmitted si g nal . th e r a dio sign a l th us p r o duce d ha s a n on uni fo rm p o w e r distri b utio n o v er th e o ccu pi e d ch a nn el ba n dwi d t h. i t a l so i n tro d uce s d a t a d e p en d e n ci es i n th e no r ma l op e r a ti on of t he d e m od u lato r . thus it is useful i f the tra n smitted d a t a is r a ndom a n d dc fr ee . f o r such p u rposes, two techniq u es are made ava i lable in the p a ck et h a ndl e r : ma n c h este r e ncodi n g a nd da t a w h it e ni n g. n o t e o n l y o ne o f t he tw o m etho ds ca n be e n abl e d a t a ti m e . 12.4.7.1. man c h e s t er e n c o di n g m anc h est er e n c o di n g/deco d in g i s e n abl e d i f dc fr ee = 01 and can only be u s ed in packet mode. t h e nr z da t a i s c o nve r te d t o ma n c h este r co de b y c o din g ' 1 ' a s 1 0 a n d ' 0' as 0 1 . in this case, the maximum chip ra t e is the maximum bit rate given in the specifications section and the actual bit rate is h a lf the c h i p r a t e. m anc h est er enco d in g a nd d eco di n g i s onl y ap p lie d t o th e p ayloa d a n d cr c ch e cksu m w h il e pr e am b l e an d syn c wo rd a r e kept nrz. howeve r , the chip r at e f r o m p re a mbl e t o cr c i s th e sam e a n d d e fi n e d b y b itr a te in regbitrate (chip rate = bit r ate n rz = 2 x bit rate manchester). manchester enco ding/de c oding is thus made trans p a rent for the use r , who s till provide s /retrie v es nrz da t a to/from the f i f o . 1 /b r ... s y nc 1 /b r p a y load... rf chips @ br ... 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 ... u se r/nrz b i ts t m ancheste r o ff .. . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 ... u se r/nrz b i ts m ancheste r o n .. . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 ... figure 4 2. manc h est e r e n co d ing/decodi n g t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 85 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 1 2 .4. 7 .2. data whi t ening a n oth er t e c h ni q u e c a lle d white n in g o r scr a mbli n g i s widel y u s e d fo r r an d omizin g th e u s er da t a b efo re r a di o t r a n s m issi o n . t h e d a t a i s white n e d usin g a r a n d o m se q ue n c e o n t he t x sid e a n d de - whiten e d on th e r x si de u si ng th e s a m e se q ue n ce. co m p ar ing to ma n c h e st e r t e c h ni qu e it h as t h e a d v an t a g e of k e e p ing nrz da t a rate i.e . actual bit rate is not halve d . t h e white n in g / d e - w hi t e ni ng p r oces s i s en a bl ed i f dc fr ee = 1 0 . a 9 - bit l f s r i s use d t o g e n e rat e a r a n do m s e qu e nce . the p a y load and 2 - by t e c rc checksum is then x o red w ith t his random s equence as s hown belo w . the da t a is de - whitened on the r e ceiver side by xoring with the same random sequence. pa y load whitening/de - w hitening is thus made trans p arent for the use r , who still provides/ r etrieves n rz da t a to/from the f i f o . lf s r p o l y no m i a l = x 9 + x 5 + 1 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 x 0 t r a n s m i t d a t a w h i t e n e d d a t a figure 4 3. da t a whitening polynomial 1 2.4.8. b e acon t x mode in some short range wireless netwo r k top o logies a repetitive m ess a g e, als o kn own as be a c o n , i s tr a nsmitte d pe r io di c a lly by a transmitte r . the bea c on tx mode allows for the re - transmiss i on of the same p a c ket wi t hout having to fill the fifo multiple times with the s ame da t a . w h e n b e aco n o n in r e gp a c k et c o n fi g 2 is s et to 1, the fifo c an be filled only on c e in s leep or s t dby mode with the r e q u ired p a yload. a f ter a fir s t transmissio n , f i f o e m pt y will go high as usual, but the fifo content will be restored w hen the chip exi t s t r ansmit mode. fifoemp t y , fifofull an d fi f o leve l fla gs a re als o r estor e d . t h is f e a t u r e is o n ly a v ail a ble in fi x ed p a c k e t f o rm at, w ith th e paylo a d le n gt h s m alle r th an t he fi fo size . th e co n t r o l o f the c h i p m o de s ( tx - sle e p - tx.... ) ca n eithe r b e u n de r t ake n b y th e mic r oco n troll e r , or be a utom a t ed i n t he t o p seq u ence r . see ex am ple i n s e cti on 12. 4 . 8. the bea c on tx mode is exited by setting b e a c o n on t o 0, a n d clea r in g t he fif o b y s e ttin g fif o o v e r r un to 1. 12.5. io - homecontro l ? com p atibility mo d e t h e RFM92W/93w fe at ur es a io - h o meco n tro l ? com p atibility mode. please c on t a c t y our lo c al hope rf repre s en t ative for de t ai ls on i t s implemen t a tion. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 86 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 13. description of the registers t h e r egiste r m ap p in g d ep e n ds u p o n wh e t h e r fsk/oo k or lor a tm mo de h as b e e n sel e cte d. t he f o llowin g t a ble s u mma ri se s t he locati o n a nd functio n of e ac h r e giste r an d g i ve s a n o v e rvie w o f th e ch a ng es i n r e gist er m a p p in g b etw e e n b o th modes of operatio n . 13.1. register t able s um m a r y t a ble 3 7 r e gisters s u mm a ry a d d r ess r e g i ste r n a me r e set (p o r ) d e f au lt ( fs k ) des c ri pti o n fsk / o o k m o de l o r a t m mode f s k mo d e l o r a t m mode 0x00 r eg f i fo 0x00 fifo r e ad/write access 0x01 re g o p m o d e 0x01 op e r at i n g mod e & lor a tm / fsk s e lection 0x02 r egbitrat e msb u n used 0x1a b i t ra te se t t i ng , m o s t sig n if i c an t b i t s 0x03 r e gbitrat e lsb 0x0b b i t ra te se t t i ng , leas t sign i f i c a n t bi t s 0x04 r e gfdevmsb 0x00 fre q uenc y devi a t i o n se t t i ng , mos t sign i f i c a n t bi t s 0x05 regfdevlsb 0x52 fre q uency devia t i on set t i ng, l east s i gnific a nt bi t s 0x06 r e gfrfmsb 0xe4 rf carrier frequ e nc y , most si g n ifica n t bi t s 0x07 re g f rfmid 0 x c0 r f carri er fr equ e nc y , i n t erm e di a t e bi t s 0x08 re g f rflsb 0x00 rf carrier frequ e nc y , l e ast sig n ificant bi t s 0x09 r e gpac o nf i g 0x0f p a sel e cti o n and output p o wer control 0 x 0a re g paramp 0x19 con t ro l o f p a ram p t i m e , l o w p has e n o is e pll 0 x 0b re g o cp 0x2b over current protect i on co ntrol 0x 0 c r e gl n a 0x20 ln a s e t t i n gs 0x 0 d r e grxc o nf i g r e gfif o addrptr 0x08 0x0e a f c , a g c , c t rl f i f o sp i poi n t e r 0 x 0e r e grssiconfig r e gfif o t xbas e - addr 0x02 rssi s t art tx da t a 0x 0 f reg r ss i col l i sion re g f i fo r x b as e - addr 0x0a rssi col l ision d e tect o r s t art rx d a t a 0x10 reg r ss i thr e s h reg i rq fl ags 0xff rss i t h r e sho l d c o n t r o l lora t m s t at e fla g s 0x 1 1 reg r ss i v alue regirqflagsmask - r ssi val u e i n dbm o pti o nal flag mask 0x12 reg r xbw re g f r e q i fmsb 0x15 cha n ne l f il t e r b w c on t rol i f fr eq u ency 0x13 r e gafcbw regfreqif l sb 0x0b a fc cha n ne l f il t e r bw 0x14 r e gookpeak re gsy m b t im e - outmsb 0x28 ook d e modu l ator receiver timeout value 0x15 r e go o k fix re gsy m b t im e - outlsb 0x 0 c thr e s h ol d o f t h e oo k d emod 0x16 r e gook a vg r e gtx c fg 0x12 a verage o f the ook d e mod lora t m tr an smit p a rameters 0x17 res e rv e d17 r egpay l oad - l en g th 0x47 - 0x18 res e rv e d18 r e gpreambl em sb 0x32 - s i z e o f pr e amble 0x19 res e rv e d19 re g p r e amble l sb 0x3e - 0 x 1a r e gafcfei regm o dul a t i on - cfg 0x00 a fc an d fei con t rol m o de m ph y co n f i g 0 x 1b rega fc msb re g rfmo d e 0x0 0 fre q uency correction va l ue of the afc t e st reg i ster 0x 1 c r egafclsb r e ghopperiod 0x00 fhss hop p e riod t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 87 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet a d d r ess r e g i ste r n a me r e set (p o r ) d e f au lt ( fs k ) des c ri pti o n fsk / o o k m o de l o r a t m mode f s k mo d e l o r a t m mode 0x 1 d re g fe i msb r egnb r xbytes 0x00 v a lu e o f t h e c a lcul a t e d fre q uency error number of rece i v e d byt e s 0 x 1e reg f ei l sb re g r xheaderi n fo 0x00 i n f o fr o m l as t h e ader 0x 1 f r e gpreamb l ede - t e ct re g r xheaderc - n t v al u e 0x40 0xaa s e t t i n g s o f t h e preamb l e detect o r number of v a lid h e ad e rs r e c ei v ed 0x20 r egrx t ime o ut1 regrxpacketcnt - v a l u e 0x00 t imeout rx r e quest and rssi number of v a lid p a ck e t s r e c ei v ed 0x21 r egrx t ime o ut2 regmodem s t at 0x00 t i meou t rss i a n d p a yload - rea dy live lor a tm m o de m s t a - t u s 0x22 r egrx t ime o ut3 r e gpkts n r v a lue 0x00 t imeout rssi a n d syn c ad - dress e spim a ti o n of l a s t p a ck e t s n r 0x23 r egrxdelay r egrssi v a lue 0x00 delay b e tw e en rx cyc l es current rssi 0x24 r e gosc regpktr s si v a lue 0x05 0x07 rc oscil l ators settin g s, clk - ou t fr eq u ency rssi of la s t p a cket 0x25 r egpreamblemsb reg h opc h an n el 0x00 pr e a mble l e ngth, msb fhss s t art chan n el 0x26 r e gpreamb l elsb r e grxda t aad d r 0x03 pr e ambl e l e ng t h , l sb lora t m rx d a t a po in t er 0x27 regsyncconfig rese r ved 0x93 sy n c w or d rec o gni ti o n c o n t rol res e r ved 0x28 - 0x 2 f regsync v a l ue 1 - 8 0x55 0x01 s ync w o rd b yt e s, 1 t h r o u g h 8 0x30 r e gpacke t co n f i g1 0x90 p a cke t mod e s e t t in g s 0x31 r e gpacke t co n f i g2 0x40 p a cke t mod e s e t t in g s 0x32 regp a y loa d len g th 0x40 p a yloa d l en g t h se tti ng 0x33 r e gnodeadrs re g f ifoprotect 0x 00 node a d dress f ifo protection 0x34 r e gbroa d c a stadrs rese r ved 0x00 br o adcast addr e s s res e r ved 0x35 r eg f i f ot h r esh 0x0f 0x8f fifo t h resho l d, tx s t art co n d i - ti o n 0x36 re g s eqc o n fi g1 0x00 t o p level se q ue n cer s e ttin g s 0x37 re g s eqc o n fi g2 0x00 t o p level se q ue n cer s e ttin g s 0x38 r e g t imerresol 0x00 t imer 1 a nd 2 resolut i on control 0x39 re g t imer1co e f 0xf5 t imer 1 setting 0 x 3a re g t imer2co e f 0x20 t imer 2 setting 0 x 3b re g i m a g eca l 0x82 0x02 ima g e c a librat i on en g ine co n - trol 0x 3 c r e g t emp - t e m p e r a t u re s en sor v a l u e 0x 3 d reg l owbat 0x02 lo w ba t t e ry i nd i c a t o r se tti n g s 0 x 3e r e gir q fl a gs1 0x80 s t a t u s re g i st e r: p l l l o c k s t a t e, t imeout, rssi 0x 3 f r e gir q fl a gs2 0x40 s t a t u s r e gis t er : f i fo h a nd l ing fl a gs , l o w b a t t ery 0x40 re g d i o ma pp i n g 1 0x00 m a ppi ng o f p i n s dio 0 t o d io3 0x41 re g d i o ma pp i n g 2 0x00 m a ppi ng o f p i n s dio 4 an d d io5 , c l kou t fr e que n cy 0x42 r eg v ersion 0x21 hope rf id relati n g the s i licon revis i on t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 88 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet a d d r ess r e g i ste r n a me r e set (p o r ) d e f au lt ( fs k ) des c ri pti o n fsk / o o k m o de l o r a t m mode f s k mo d e l o r a t m mode 0x43 rega g c r e f 0x13 a d jus t men t o f t h e ag c t hresh o l ds 0x44 r egagct h resh1 0x0e 0x45 r egagct h resh2 0x5b 0x46 r egagct h resh3 0xdb 0 x 4b regp l lhop 0x2e control the f a st f r e qu e ncy h opp i ng mode 0x58 reg t cxo 0x09 tcxo o r x t al i nput set t i n g 0 x 5a r egpa d ac 0x84 higher p o wer set t i ngs of the p a 0x 5 c re g pll 0 xd0 control of the p l l ban d wi d th 0 x 5e r e gplllowpn 0 xd0 control of the l o w phase n o ise pll ba n dwi d th 0x 6 c re g f ormer t emp - s t o r e d t e m p e r a t ure d u ri n g t h e f o rm e r i q ca li b r a ti o n 0x70 re g b i t r at e frac 0x00 fractio n al p a rt i n t h e b i t rate div i sion ratio 0x4 2 + re g t est - in t er n a l t e s t reg i s t ers . d o no t o v erwri te note - reset v alues are aut o maticall y r e f r esh ed i n t he chip at power o n reset - defa ult val u e s a r e th e hope rf r e c o mm e nd ed r e g i st e r v a lu e s, o p ti m izi n g t h e d e vi c e o p e r a t ion - re gi ste rs fo r w h ic h t he d e f a ul t v a lu e di ffe rs fr om t he res et v a lu e a re d e n o t ed b y a * i n t he t abl e s of sectio n 1 3 .2 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
pag e 89 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t a sheet 13. 2 . f s k/ook m ode register map t h is se c ti o n d e t ails t h e RFM92W/93w r e gi s t e r ma p p i n g a n d t h e p r e c ise c o n t e n t s o f e a ch r e g ist e r in f sk/ o ok m od e. convention: r: read, w: write, t:trigg e r , c: clear t a ble 3 8 r e gister m a p name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion r eg f ifo (0x00) 7 - 0 fifo rw 0x00 f i f o da t a inp u t / o u t p ut re s i ste r s for com m on settings re g o p m o d e (0x01) 7 l on g ran g emode r 0x00 0 ? fsk/ook m o de 1 ? lor a tm mode t h i s bi t ca n b e m o di fi e d o n l y i n slee p mode . a w r i t e op e rat i on o n o t he r d e v i c e m o de s i s i gn o r e d. 6 - 5 mo d ula ti o n t y pe rw 0x00 m o du l a t io n scheme: 0 0 - > fsk 0 1 - > o o k 10 - 1 1 - > rese r ved 4 - 3 mod u la ti o n s h ap i ng rw 0x00 da t a shap i ng: i n f sk: 0 0 - > n o s h api ng 0 1 - > g a ussian filter bt = 1.0 1 0 - > g a ussian filter bt = 0.5 1 1 - > g a ussia n f il t e r b t = 0 .3 i n o ok: 0 0 - > n o s h api ng 0 1 - > filteri n g with f cuto f f = b it _ r a te 1 0 - > filteri n g with f cuto f f = 2*b i t _ rat e ( f o r bi t _ra te < 1 2 5 k b /s) 1 1 - > reserved 2 - 0 m o de rw 0x01 t ransceiver mo d e s 00 0 - > s l eep mo d e 00 1 - > s t dby mode 01 0 - > fs m o d e t x (fs t x) 0 1 1 - > t ransmitter mode (t x ) 10 0 - > fs m o d e r x ( f srx) 10 1 - > receiver mode (rx) 1 1 0 - > re s e rved 11 1 - > reser v ed r e gbitratemsb (0x02) 7 - 0 bit r ate(15:8) rw 0x1a msb of b i t rate (chip rate if m a nchest e r enco d ing is e n abl e d ) re g b itr a t e lsb (0x03) 7 - 0 b i tr a t e (7: 0 ) rw 0x0b lsb o f b i t rate (c h ip rate if manc h e st e r e n cod i ng is ena b le d ) b i t r a t e = --------- - ---------------- - f --- - x --- - o ---- - s -- - c - ---------------- - ---------- - - b i t r a te ( 1 5 , 0 ) + b - - -- - i - - t - - r - - a --- - t - - e - - - f --- - r - - a --- - c - 16 de f au l t val u e : 4 .8 kb /s t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 90 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion regfdevmsb (0x04) 7 - 6 u nused r 0x00 un u s e d 5 - 0 f d ev(13:8) rw 0x00 msb of the freq u ency dev i a t i o n re g f d e v l sb (0x05) 7 - 0 fd e v ( 7 : 0 ) rw 0x52 ls b o f t h e f r e qu e nc y d evia t ion f d e v = fs t e p f d e v (1 5 , 0 ) de f au l t val u e : 5 khz r e gfrfmsb (0x06) 7 - 0 frf(2 3 : 1 6) rw 0xe4 msb of the r f carrier fr e que n cy re g f rfmid (0x07) 7 - 0 frf(15:8) rw 0xc0 msb of the r f carrie r fr e que n cy re g f rflsb (0x08) 7 - 0 frf ( 7 : 0 ) rw 0x00 lsb o f rf c a rr i e r freq u ency fr f = f st e p fr f ( 2 3 ; 0 ) de f au l t val u e : 9 1 5 . 00 0 mhz t h e r f fr e que n cy is t a ken into acco u n t i n t e rnal l y o n ly when: - e n t e ring fsrx/fstx modes - re - s t a rting the receiver re gis t e r s f o r t h e t r a n s m i t t e r r e gpac o nf i g (0x09) 7 pas e lect rw 0x00 selec t s p a outp u t pin 0 - > r fo p in. m a xim u m pow er o f +1 3 dbm 1 - > p a_boost p i n. maximum po w er o f + 2 0 dbm 6 - 4 u nused r 0x00 un u s e d 3 - 0 o u t p u t power rw 0 x0f o u tp u t p o we r s e t t i n g , w i t h 1 d b s t e p s pou t = 2 + ou t p u tp o we r [ d bm], o n p a _ bo o st pin p ou t = - 1 + ou t p u tpo w e r [ d bm], o n rfo p i n re g p a ra mp (0x0a) 7 - 5 u nused r - un u s e d 4 l o wpn t xp l l o f f rw 0x01 s elec t a hig h e r p owe r , l owe r p h as e nois e pl l o nl y wh e n t h e tr a n sm i t t e r is used: 0 - > s t a n dar d pl l u s e d i n r x m o de , l owe r p n pl l i n tx 1 - > s t a n dar d pl l u s e d i n bo th tx a n d r x mo d e s 3 - 0 paramp rw 0x09 rise/ f a ll time o f ramp u p /d o w n in f s k 00 0 0 - > 3 .4 ms 00 0 1 - > 2 ms 00 1 0 - > 1 ms 00 1 1 - > 50 0 us 01 0 0 - > 25 0 u s 01 0 1 - > 12 5 u s 0 1 1 0 - > 10 0 us 0 11 1 - > 6 2 us 1 0 0 0 - > 5 0 us 10 0 1 - > 40 us (d) 10 1 0 - > 3 1 us 10 1 1 - > 2 5 us 1 10 0 - > 2 0 us 1 10 1 - > 1 5 us 11 1 0 - > 1 2 us 111 1 - > 1 0 us t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 91 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re g o cp (0x0b) 7 - 6 u nused r 0x00 un u s e d 5 ocpon rw 0 x01 enab l es overload current p rotect i on (ocp) f o r t h e p a: 0 - > o c p d i sabl ed 1 - > o c p e n ab l ed 4 - 0 ocp t r i m rw 0 x0b t rimm i ng of ocp current: i ma x = 45+5*ocp t rim [ma] i f oc p t r i m <= 15 (120 ma) / i ma x = - 30+10 * ocp t rim [ m a] if 15 < ocp t rim <= 2 7 ( 1 30 to 240 ma) i ma x = 24 0 m a f o r h i g h e r s e t t in g s de f au l t i ma x = 1 0 0ma r e gisters f o r the rece i ver r e gl n a (0x0c) 7 - 5 lnaga i n rw 0 x01 l na g a in setting: 0 0 0 - > rese r ved 0 0 1 - > g1 = hi g hest g a in 0 1 0 - > g 2 = hi g hes t g ai n C 6 db 0 1 1 - > g 3 = hig h es t g ai n C 1 2 db 1 0 0 - > g 4 = hi g hes t g ai n C 2 4 d b 1 0 1 - > g 5 = hi g hes t g ai n C 3 6 d b 1 1 0 - > g 6 = hig h es t g ai n C 4 8 db 1 1 1 - > reserved n ot e : r ead i ng t h is addr e s s a l ways r e t u r n s the curre n t lna g a in (w h ich may b e di f ferent fr o m wh a t h a d been p r e vious l y s e lected if agc is e na b led. 4 - 2 - r 0 x00 u nused 1 - 0 lnab o o st rw 0x00 impr o v e s the syst e m n o ise f i gure at the e xpense of rx current c o nsumptio n : 0 0 - > d e f a ult s e ttin g , meeti n g t h e s p ecification 1 1 - > improved se n s i t i vity r e grxco n f i g (0x0d) 7 r e s t art r xon co l lision rw 0 x00 t urns on the mecha n ism res t arting the rece i v e r a u t o mat i cally i f i t ge t s s a t u r a t e d o r a p a cket collision is detected 0 - > n o a u t o m a ti c res t art 1 - > a u t o m a tic r e s t a rt o n 6 res t art r xwitho u tp l llock w t 0 x00 t riggers a m a nual res t art o f the r e ceiver ch a in wh e n set to 1. use t h is b it w h en there is no f r e qu e ncy c h ang e , res t art r xwithpll l ock o t h e rwise. 5 res t art r xwithpl l lock w t 0 x00 t riggers a m a nual res t art o f the r e ceiver ch a in wh e n set to 1. us e t hi s b i t w h e n t her e i s a f r e qu e nc y chan g e , r e qu i r i n g some t i m e f o r t h e pl l t o re - l ock. 4 afcautoon rw 0 x00 0 - > n o a f c p e r f or m e d at r e c e iv e r s t a rt u p 1 - > afc is p e rformed at each rec e iver s t art u p 3 agcautoon rw 0 x01 0 - > ln a ga i n f o rc e d b y t h e l nagai n se tti ng 1 - > lna ga i n is c o ntr o ll e d b y t h e agc 2 - 0 rx t ri g ger rw 0x06 * selec t s t h e e v e n t trig g e ring agc and/or afc at receiver s t art u p . see t ab l e 26 f o r a d e scr i p tion. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 92 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re gr ssico n fig (0x0e) 7 - 3 rssio f fset rw 0x00 sign e d rssi o f fset, to c o m p ensate f o r the p o ssib l e l o sses/ ga i n s i n th e fr on t - e n d ( l na , s a w fi l te r . . .) 1db / lsb, 2 ? s complem e nt f o rmat 2 - 0 r s s i sm o o t h ing rw 0 x02 d efin e s the n u m b er o f samp l e s t a ken to aver a ge t h e rssi r esult: 00 0 - > 2 sa m p les used 00 1 - > 4 sa m p les used 01 0 - > 8 sa m p les used 0 1 1 - > 16 samples used 10 0 - > 32 samples used 10 1 - > 64 samples used 1 1 0 - > 1 2 8 s a m p l e s u s ed 11 1 - > 2 56 samples us e d reg r ss i col l i sion (0x0f) 7 - 0 r ss i col l ision t hr e s h o ld rw 0x0a se t s t he t h resho l d used to c o nsid e r t h a t an i n terferer is detected, witnessing a p a cket co l lision. 1 d b/ l sb (o n ly r s si incre a s e ) de f au l t : 10db regrssithresh (0x10) 7 - 0 r s s i thr e shold rw 0 x f f r ssi t r i gg e r l e vel f o r the rssi interrup t : - rssithreshold / 2 [dbm] re g r ss i v a l ue (0x 1 1) 7 - 0 r s s i v a lue r - absolu t e va l ue of t h e rssi in dbm, 0.5 d b ste p s. rssi = - rssi v a lue/2 [dbm] reg r xbw (0x12) 7 u nused r - un u s e d 6 - 5 reserved rw 0x00 reserved 4 - 3 rxbwmant rw 0x02 c han n e l f i l t e r b an d wi d th con t rol: 0 0 - > rxbwm an t = 1 6 1 0 - > rxbwmant = 24 0 1 - > rxbwm an t = 2 0 1 1 - > reserved 2 - 0 r x bw e xp rw 0 x 0 5 c han n e l f i l t e r b an d wi d th con t rol: fsk mode: rx b w = ------ - ---------------- - f --- - x --- - o --- - s --- - c - ---------------- - ----- - - r x bwman t 2 rxbwex p + 2 re g afcbw (0x13) 7 - 5 reserved rw 0x00 reserved 4 - 3 rxbwmantafc rw 0 x01 r xbwmant p a ramet e r used d u r i ng the afc 2 - 0 rxbwexpafc rw 0x03 rxbwexp p a ramet e r used d u ring the afc t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 93 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion r e go o k peak (0x14) 7 - 6 reserved rw 0x00 reserved 5 bitsyncon rw 0 x01 enab l es the b i t synchro n ize r . 0 - > bi t syn c d i s a bl e d ( n o t p ossibl e i n p a cke t mod e ) 1 - > bit sync e n abled 4 - 3 ookt h resh t y p e rw 0 x01 selec t s t h e type of t h r e shold i n the oo k d a t a sl i c e r: 0 0 - > fix e d t h r e s h old 1 0 - > av e r a ge mode 0 1 - > p e a k m o d e (de f a u lt ) 1 1 - > reserved 2 - 0 ookpe a k t h e s h s t ep rw 0x00 s i z e o f e a c h d ecremen t o f t h e rss i t hres h ol d i n t h e ook d e mod u lat o r: 0 0 0 - > 0 .5 d b 0 0 1 - > 1 .0 db 0 1 0 - > 1 .5 d b 0 1 1 - > 2 .0 db 1 0 0 - > 3 .0 d b 1 0 1 - > 4 .0 db 1 1 0 - > 5 .0 d b 11 1 - > 6 .0 db re g o o k f ix (0x15) 7 - 0 ook f ixe d thres h old rw 0x 0 c fix e d t h r e shol d f o r t h e da t a s l ice r i n oo k m o de fl o o r t h resho l d f o r t h e da t a sl i cer in ook w h en p e ak mode i s used r e go o k a vg (0x16) 7 - 5 o o kp e akt h r eshdec r w 0x00 p e r i o d o f d ecremen t o f t h e rss i t hr e s h ol d i n t h e ook d e mod u lat o r: 0 0 0 - > o n ce pe r c h ip 0 0 1 - > o n ce every 2 c h i p s 0 1 0 - > once every 4 chi p s 0 1 1 - > o n ce every 8 chi p s 1 0 0 - > twice in e a ch c h ip 10 1 - > 4 times in each chip 1 1 0 - > 8 times in each ch i p 1 1 1 - > 1 6 tim e s in e a c h chip 4 reserved rw 0x01 reserved 3 - 2 ook a v e rageo f f set rw 0x00 s t a tic o f f s e t a d de d to t h e thr e shol d i n a v erag e mo d e i n ord e r to re d u ce gl i t ch i ng activity (ook on l y): 0 0 - > 0 .0 d b 1 0 - > 4. 0 db 0 1 - > 2 .0 d b 1 1 - > 6 . 0 db 1 - 0 ook a v eragethreshfilt rw 0x02 filter coe f fici e n t s in av e rage mode o f the ook d e mod u lat o r: 0 0 - > f c ch i p rat e / 32 . 0 1 - > f c c h ip r a te / 8 . 1 0 - > f c ch i p rat e / 4 . 1 1 - > f c c h ip r a te / 2 . reg r es17 to reg r es19 7 - 0 reserved rw 0x47 0x32 0x 3 e reserved. k eep the res e t val u es. re g afcfei (0x1a) 7 - 5 u nused r - un u s e d 4 a g c s t art w t 0x00 t r igg e r s a n ag c s e qu e nc e whe n s e t t o 1 . 3 reserved rw 0x00 reserved 2 u nused - - un u s e d 1 afcc l ear wc 0x00 clear afc r e gister s e t in rx mode. always rea d s 0. 0 afca u t o c learon rw 0x00 o n ly va l id if afcautoon is s e t 0 - > af c re g i st e r i s n o t cle a r e d a t t h e b e gi n nin g o f t he automatic afc p h ase 1 - > afc re g ist e r is cle a red at t h e b egin n i n g o f the automatic afc ph a se t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 94 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion r ega fc msb (0x1b) 7 - 0 a f c v a l u e ( 1 5 : 8) rw 0x00 ms b o f th e a f c v alu e, 2 ? s c o m p leme nt f orm a t . ca n b e u s e d to overwrite the current afc val u e r e gafc l sb (0x1c) 7 - 0 afc v a l ue(7:0) rw 0x00 lsb o f the afc v a l ue, 2 ? s complement f o rmat. c a n be used to overwrite the current afc val u e regfeimsb (0x1d) 7 - 0 f e i v a lue( 1 5 : 8 ) rw - msb of the me a s u red frequ e ncy o f fset, 2 ? s complement. must b e rea d b e f or e reg f ei l s b. r eg f ei l s b (0x1e) 7 - 0 f e i v a lu e ( 7 : 0 ) rw - l sb o f t h e m e asure d fr eq u enc y o f fs e t , 2 ? s compl e ment frequency error = fe i v alu e x fs t e p reg pr e a m bl ed e t e ct ( 0 x 1 f) 7 p re a m b l e de t e c t or o n rw 0 x 0 1 * enab l e s pr e ambl e d e t e ct o r wh e n se t to 1 . t h e ag c se tti n g s supers e d e t h i s b it d urin g t h e s t art u p / ag c p h ase. 0 - > t u r n e d o f f 1 - > t u r n e d o n 6 - 5 preamb l edetect o rsize rw 0 x01 * n u m be r o f p re a m b le b yt e s to d e t e ct to t rig ge r a n in t e r ru p t 0 0 - > 1 b yte 1 0 - > 3 by te s 0 1 - > 2 b yt e s 1 1 - > reserved 4 - 0 preamble d etect o r t ol rw 0 x0a * number or chip err o rs t o ler a t e d o ver pr e a mble d e t e ct o rs i ze. 4 chi p s per bit. r e grx t ime o ut1 (0x20) 7 - 0 t imeoutrxrssi rw 0x00 timeou t int e rru p t is gen e rated t imeoutrxrss i *1 6 *t bit a f t e r switching to rx mode if rssi int e rru p t d o esn?t occur ( i . e . r s s i v a l u e > rssit h resho l d) 0 x 00 : timeoutrxrssi is dis a bled r e grx t ime o ut2 (0x21) 7 - 0 t im e outrxpreamb l e rw 0 x00 timeou t int e rru p t is gen e rated t ime o u t r xpr e amble *16 * t b i t a f t e r swit c h i n g to rx m o d e if prea m b le i n terru p t d o esn?t occur 0 x 00 : timeou t rxpre a m b l e is disabled r e grx t ime o ut3 (0x22) 7 - 0 t imeoutsi g nalsy n c rw 0 x00 timeou t int e rru p t is gen e rated t ime o u t s i gn a lsync *1 6 *t bit a f t e r t h e r x m o de is p r o g r a mm ed , if syncaddress d oesn ? t oc c u r 0 x 00 : timeoutsi g nalsync is dis a bled r e grxde l ay (0x23) 7 - 0 i n t e rpacket r xde l ay rw 0x00 additi o nal d e lay before an a u t o mat i c rec e iver r e s t a r t is la u n che d : delay = interpack e t r xde l ay*4 * t b it rc osci l lator registers re g o sc (0x24) 7 - 4 u nused r - un u s e d 3 rccal s t a rt w t 0x00 t riggers the cal i bration o f t h e rc oscillat o r w h en set. alw a ys read s 0 . r c c a libr a t i o n mus t b e tr ig g ere d i n s t a nd b y m od e . 2 - 0 c l kout rw 0x07 * s e lec t s c l kout freq u ency: 0 0 0 - > fx o sc 0 0 1 - > fx os c / 2 0 1 0 - > fx os c / 4 0 1 1 - > fx o sc / 8 1 0 0 - > fx os c / 16 1 0 1 - > fx os c / 32 1 1 0 - > rc (automatic a lly ena b le d ) 1 1 1 - > o f f t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 95 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion packet h a ndl i ng reg i st e r s r e gpreamb l emsb (0x25) 7 - 0 pre a m b lesize( 1 5:8) rw 0x00 size of the pr e a mble to be sent (from tx s t ar t con d i t ion f u lfilled). (msb byte) re g preamble l sb (0x26) 7 - 0 prea mb l esize(7:0) rw 0x03 size of the pr e a mble to be sent (from tx s t ar t con d i t ion f u lfilled). (lsb byt e ) regsyncconfig (0x27) 7 - 6 aut o res t art r xm o d e rw 0 x02 c ontrols the automatic res t art of the r e c e iver a f ter the recepti o n o f a val i d p a cket (p a y l oa d ready or cr cok): 0 0 - > o f f 0 1 - > on , w i t h ou t wai t in g f o r t h e pl l t o r e - l ock 1 0 - > on, w a it f o r t h e pll to l o ck (freq u ency c h an g ed) 1 1 - > reserved 5 preamb l epol a r i t y rw 0 x00 se t s t h e p o larity of the preamb l e 0 - > 0 x aa (defa u lt) 1 - > 0 x 55 4 sy n c on rw 0x01 e n ables t he sync word g e neration a nd detectio n : 0 - > o f f 1 - > on 3 fif o f i llconditi o n rw 0x00 fifo fil l ing co n d itio n : 0 - > if syncadd r ess i n t e r r u p t o c curs 1 - > a s l on g a s fif o fi l lcon d ition is s e t 2 - 0 syncsize rw 0x03 s i z e o f t h e syn c w ord: ( syncsize + 1 ) byt e s, ( syncs i z e ) b y tes if i oho m e on =1 r e gsync v alue1 (0x28) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(6 3 : 5 6) rw 0x01 * 1 st b yte o f sync w o rd. (msb b yt e ) u s e d if syncon is s e t. r e gsync v alue2 (0x29) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(5 5 : 4 8) rw 0x01 * 2 n d b yte o f sync w o rd u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 2. r e gsync v alue3 (0x2a) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(4 7 : 4 0) rw 0x01 * 3 rd b yte o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 3. r e gsync v alue4 (0x2b) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(3 9 : 3 2) rw 0x01 * 4 th by te o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 4. r e gsy nc v alue5 (0x2c) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(3 1 : 2 4) rw 0x01 * 5 th by te o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 5. r e gsync v alue6 (0x2d) 7 - 0 sync v a l ue(2 3 : 1 6) rw 0x01 * 6 th by te o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 6. r e gsync v alue7 (0x 2e) 7 - 0 sync v a l u e(15:8) rw 0x01 * 7 th by te o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) > = 7. r e gsync v alue8 (0x2f) 7 - 0 sy n c v a lue(7 : 0 ) rw 0x01 * 8 th by te o f sy n c w o r d . u s e d if syncon i s s e t an d (syncsize +1) = 8. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 96 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion r e gpacket c o n fi g 1 (0x30) 7 packetfo r mat rw 0 x01 d ef i ne s t h e p acke t forma t used: 0 - > fix e d l en g th 1 - > v a riab l e len g th 6 - 5 dcfree rw 0x00 d e f i nes dc - free enco d in g / d e cod i ng perf o rmed: 0 0 - > no n e (o f f) 0 1 - > manch e st e r 1 0 - > w h it e n i n g 1 1 - > reserved 4 crcon rw 0 x01 e n abl es c r c c a lcula t i o n / c h ec k ( t x/ r x ): 0 - > o f f 1 - > on 3 crcautoclearo f f rw 0 x00 d ef i ne s t h e be h avio r o f t h e p a ck e t h a ndl er w h e n cr c ch e c k f a ils: 0 - > c lear f i fo a n d r e s t art new p a cket recepti o n. no p a y l oa d rea dy in t e r ru p t issu ed . 1 - > d o no t c l ea r f i fo . p a y l oa d rea dy in t e r ru p t issu ed . 2 - 1 addr e ssfilter i n g rw 0 x00 d e f i nes ad d ress b a sed filtering i n rx: 0 0 - > no n e (o f f) 0 1 - > addr e s s field must m a tch n o dea ddress 1 0 - > addr e s s field must m a tch n o deaddress or bro a dcastaddress 1 1 - > reserved 0 crcwhiten i ng t y p e rw 0 x00 selec t s t h e c r c a nd wh i t e n ing a lgor i t hms: 0 - > cc i t t cr c impl e m e n t a t i o n wi th s t a ndar d w h i t eni ng 1 - > i b m cr c imp l emen t a t io n w i t h a l t e rna te whi t e n ing r e gpacket c o n fi g 2 (0x31) 7 u nused r - un u s e d 6 da t a mode rw 0x01 d a t a p r oc e ssi n g m o d e : 0 - > contin u ous mode 1 - > p a cket mode 5 i o homeon rw 0x00 enab l es the i o - homeco n t r o l ? com p atib i lity m o de 0 - > dis a bled 1 - > ena b led 4 ioho m e powerframe rw 0x00 reserved - linked to i o - homecontro l ? c o m p atibi l ity mode 3 be a conon rw 0 x00 enab l es the b e acon mode i n fixed p a cket f o rmat 2 - 0 paylo a dl e ngth(10:8) rw 0x00 packet l ength most si g n ifica n t bi t s regpay l oad l en g th (0x32) 7 - 0 p a y l oa d len g t h (7: 0 ) rw 0x40 if p a cke t f o rm a t = 0 (fix e d ) , p a ylo a d l e n g t h . if pack e tformat = 1 (var i able), max l en g th in rx, not u sed in tx. r e gnodeadrs (0x33) 7 - 0 n o dead d ress rw 0x00 node a ddress used in a ddress filtering. re g broadc a s tadrs (0x34) 7 - 0 broa d casta d dress rw 0 x00 br o adc a s t ad d r e ss us e d in ad d ress filteri n g. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 97 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion r e g fi f o t h r esh (0x35) 7 tx s t art c ond i t i on rw 0x01 * d ef i ne s t h e cond i t i o n t o s t ar t p a cke t tr ansmissio n: 0 - > fif o l e vel (i. e . t h e n u mber of byt e s in the fifo excee d s fif o t h r e s h ol d ) 1 - > fif o empty g oes lo w ( i . e . a t l eas t o n e by te i n t h e f if o ) 6 u nused r - un u s e d 5 - 0 fif o t h resho l d rw 0 x0f u sed to tri g ger fi f o l eve l in t e r ru p t, w h e n : numb e r o f by t e s i n f i f o >= fi f o t h r e shol d + 1 seq u ence r reg i s t ers re g s eqc o nf i g1 (0x36) 7 se q uenc e r s t art wt 0x00 controls the top level s e que n cer wh e n s e t to ?1?, executes the s t a rt transiti o n. t h e se q uenc e r ca n o nl y b e e n ab l e d w he n t h e ch i p i s i n sl e ep or s t an d by m o de. 6 se q uenc e r s top wt 0x00 f o rc e s t h e seq u enc e r o f f. always reads ? 0 ? 5 i d le m o d e rw 0x00 selec t s c h ip mode d u ring the s t a t e : 0: s t and b y mo d e 1 : sl e e p mode 4 - 3 f r om s t a rt rw 0x00 co n t r o ls t h e se q ue n c e r trans i t i o n when s e que n cerst a r t i s s e t to 1 i n slee p o r s t an d b y m o de: 0 0 : to l owpo w erselec t i o n 0 1 : to r eceiv e s t a te 1 0 : to tr ansmi t sta te 1 1 : to tr ansmi t sta te o n a fif olev el i n t e rr up t 2 l o wpowerselection rw 0x00 sel e cts t h e sequ e ncer lowp o wer state aft e r a to l o wpowerse l e ction transitio n : 0: sequ e nceroff state wi th c h ip on i n i t i a l m od e 1 : i dl e s t a te w i t h chi p o n s t an d b y or sleep mo d e d e pen d in g on i d l e mo d e note: initial mode is th e chi p l owpowe r m od e at s e qu e nce r s t a r t. 1 f r om id le rw 0x00 co n t r o ls t h e se q ue n c e r trans i t i o n from the i d le s t a t e on a t1 interrupt: 0: to transmit s t ate 1: to r e ceive s t a t e 0 f r om t r a n smit rw 0x00 co n t r o ls t h e se q ue n c e r trans i t i o n from the tra n sm i t s t a t e : 0 : t o l o wpow e rs e lec t io n o n a pa c ketsent interrupt 1 : t o r e c e ive s t a t e on a pac k etsent i n t e rr u p t t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 98 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re g s eqc o nf i g2 (0x37) 7 - 5 f r omreceive rw 0 x00 co n t r o ls t h e se q ue n c e r trans i t i o n from the rece i ve s t ate 0 0 0 an d 11 1 : u n used 0 0 1 : to packe t rece i v e d s t a te o n a payl o adr e ad y i n t e rr u pt 0 1 0 : to lowp o wersel ec t i o n o n a payl o adr e ad y i n t e rr up t 0 1 1 : to packe t receiv ed s t a te o n a crcok in t e r ru p t (1) 1 0 0 : to seq u encerof f sta te o n a rssi i n t e rr u p t 1 0 1 : to seq u encerof f sta te o n a syncaddress i nt e rrupt 1 1 0 : to sequ e ncerof f s t a te o n a pream b l edetect i n t e rr up t irr e spective o f t h is s e ttin g , trans i t i on to l o wpowerselection on a t 2 i n t errupt (1) i f t h e cr c i s w r o n g (corrup t e d p a cke t, wi th cr c o n b u t crcautoclearo n = 0 ) , t h e p a ylo a dre a d y i n terrupt w ill drive the seq u enc e r to rxtim e out state. 4 - 3 f r o mrx t imeout rw 0x00 co n t r o ls t h e s t ate - machine tra n s i t i on fr o m the rec e ive s t ate o n a rx t i m e ou t int e rrupt (and on pay l oad r ea dy if f r o m r e c e ive = 0 1 1 ): 0 0 : to r e c e ive s t a t e, via re ceiv er e s t a rt 0 1 : to tr ansmi t sta te 1 0 : to l o wpo w erselecti o n 1 1 : t o s e que n c ero ff s t a te n o t e : rx t im eo u t in te rru p t is a t im e o u trxrssi, t im e outrxpreamble o r t i m e outsignalsync int e rru p t 2 - 0 f r o mp a cket r eceived rw 0 x00 c ontrols the s t a t e - mac h ine transiti o n from t h e packet r eceived s t ate: 00 0 : t o s e que n cero f f s t a te 00 1 : t o tr ansmi t st a te o n a fif o em pt y i n t e rr u p t 01 0 : t o l owpow er selec t ion 0 1 1 : t o r e ceiv e vi a fs mo d e , i f fre q ue n c y w a s ch a nged 10 0 : to r e ceive s t ate ( n o fre q uency cha n ge) r e g t imerr e s o l (0x38) 7 - 4 u n used r - un u s e d 3 - 2 t imer 1 resolut i on rw 0x00 reso l u t i on of t imer 1 00: t i mer1 disa b led 01 : 6 4 us 10: 4.1 ms 1 1 : 2 62 ms 1 - 0 t imer 2 resolut i on rw 0x00 reso l u t i on of t imer 2 00: t imer2 disa b led 01 : 6 4 us 10: 4.1 ms 1 1 : 2 62 ms re g t i mer1coef (0x39) 7 - 0 t imer 1 coe f fici e n t rw 0 xf5 m u ltiply i ng coe f fici e n t f o r t imer 1 re g t i mer2coef (0 x3a) 7 - 0 t imer 2 coe f fici e n t rw 0 x20 m u ltiply i ng coe f fici e n t f o r t imer 2 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 99 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion servi c e registers reg i mag e cal (0x3b) 7 a u t o ima g eca l on rw 0x0 0 * controls the i m a ge cal i bration mech a n ism 0 - > cal i bra t io n o f t h e rece i v e r de p end i n g o n t h e t emp e r a t ure i s d i sab l ed 1 - > ca l i bra t i o n o f t h e receiv er d e pe n din g o n t h e t emp e r a t ure en a ble d. 6 i m a gec al s t a r t w t - t r igg e r s t h e iq an d rss i c a li b r a t i o n wh e n s e t i n s t a nd b y m o de. 5 ima g eca l run n ing r 0x00 se t to 1 whi l e th e im ag e a n d rss i ca l i bra t io n a re r u nni n g . t ogg l es back to 0 wh e n t h e process is c o m p let e d 4 u nused r - un u s e d 3 t e mpchange r 0 x00 irq flag w i tn e ssing a t e mperature ch a nge exce e d i n g t e mpt h r esh o ld since the l a st ima g e and rssi c a librat i on: 0 - > t emp e r a t ur e chan g e low er t ha n t e m p thr e s h old 1 - > t e mp e rature chan g e greater than t e mpt h resh o ld 2 - 1 t emp t hresh o ld rw 0x01 t emp e r a t u r e c h an g e t hr e s h ol d to tr i gge r a ne w i/q cali b ra ti on 0 0 - > 5 c 0 1 - > 10 c 1 0 - > 15 c 1 1 - > 20 c 0 t e mpmonit o ro f f rw 0x00 controls the t e mperature mon i t o r o p eratio n : 0 - > t e mper a t u r e mo n it o ring d one in a ll m o des exce p t sle e p an d s t a nd b y 1 - > t e mper a t u r e mo n it o ring stop p ed. r e g t emp (0x3c) 7 - 0 t e m p v a l u e r - me a sured t e m perature - 1c per lsb n eeds cal i bration f o r abso l ute accuracy r egl o wbat (0x3d) 7 - 4 u nused r - un u s e d 3 l o wbaton rw 0x00 l o w bat t e r y detect o r en a ble si g nal 0 - > lowb a t detect o r disabled 1 - > lowb a t detect o r en a bled 2 - 0 l o wbat t rim rw 0x02 t rimmi n g of th e l o wbat t h resh o ld: 0 0 0 - > 1 . 6 9 5 v 0 0 1 - > 1 . 7 6 4 v 0 1 0 - > 1.8 3 5 v (d) 0 1 1 - > 1 . 9 0 5 v 1 0 0 - > 1 . 9 7 6 v 1 0 1 - > 2 . 0 4 5 v 1 1 0 - > 2 . 1 1 6 v 1 1 1 - > 2 . 18 5 v s t at us r e gist e rs t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 100 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e faul t value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re g i rq f la g s1 (0x3e) 7 m o d ere a d y r - s e t wh e n th e o pera t i o n m o d e req u est e d i n mod e , is r e ady - sle e p: ent e ri n g sleep mo d e - s t a n dby: xo is r u nning - fs: pll is locked - rx: rssi sa m p ling s t ar t s - tx: p a ramp - up co m p leted c l ear e d w he n ch a ngi ng t h e o per a ti n g m o de. 6 rxr e ady r - s e t in rx mode, a f t e r rssi, agc a n d afc. c lear e d w hen l e aving rx. 5 txr e a d y r - s e t in tx mod e , a f t e r p a ramp - up. c lear e d w hen l e aving tx. 4 plllock r - s e t (i n fs , r x o r tx) w h e n t h e pl l i s locked. c l ear e d w he n i t i s n o t. 3 r s si r w c - set in rx w he n t h e rssi v a lue excee d s rssithreshold. c lear e d w hen l e aving rx or set t i ng t h is b it to 1. 2 t im e out r - set wh en a tim e o u t o c curs c l ear e d w he n l e avin g r x o r f i f o i s e m pt i ed. 1 pream b l ede t ect r wc - s e t w h e n t h e pr e ambl e d e t e ct o r h a s f ou n d v a li d pre a m b le. bi t c l ea r whe n s e t to 1 0 syncaddressmatch rwc - s e t wh e n sy n c a n d address (if e n ab l ed) are detected. c l ear e d w he n l e avin g r x o r f i f o i s e m pt i ed. t hi s b i t i s r e a d o n l y i n p a cke t mod e , rw c i n co n ti n uo u s mode re g i rq f la g s2 (0x3f) 7 fi f o f ull r - se t w h e n f ifo i s fu l l ( i . e . con t a i n s 6 6 byt e s) , els e cl e ared. 6 f i f o em p t y r - s e t w h e n f ifo i s emp t y , an d cl e are d wh e n t h er e i s a t l e as t 1 by te i n t h e fi f o. 5 fifolev e l r - set w h en t h e numb e r of byt e s i n the fi fo strictly e xc e eds f if o t h r e sh o ld , else cle a red. 4 fifooverrun rwc - s e t wh e n fifo o verrun occurs. (exc e pt in sl e ep mod e ) fla g (s) a n d fifo a re c l eared w h en t h is bit is s e t. t h e f i fo t h e n b e c o m e s immedia t e ly ava i lab l e f o r the n e xt tra n smiss i on / receptio n . 3 packetsent r - s e t i n tx w h e n t h e comple te p ack e t ha s b e e n sen t. c l ear e d w he n ex i ti n g tx 2 payl o adready r - set in r x wh e n t h e p a ylo a d is r e ady (i. e . l a st byte received an d cr c , i f e na b le d a n d c rc a u t o c l e ar o ff is cle a r e d , is ok ) . cle a re d whe n fi f o i s emp t y . 1 crcok r - s e t i n r x wh e n t h e cr c o f t h e p a y l oa d i s ok . cle a re d wh e n f i f o i s e m p t y . 0 l o wbat rwc - set w h en t h e batt e ry vo l t a ge dro p s b e low t h e low batt e ry t h resho l d . cl e are d o n l y whe n se t t o 1 b y t h e use r . io control registers t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 101 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re g d i o m a p p i n g 1 (0x40) 7 - 6 dio0mapp i ng rw 0x00 ma p p i n g o f p i ns d i o0 to dio5 s e e t a ble 27 f o r mapp i ng in c o nt i nu o us mo d e s e e t a b le 28 f o r m a ppin g in packet mo d e 5 - 4 dio1mapp i ng rw 0x00 3 - 2 dio2mapp i ng rw 0x00 1 - 0 dio3mapp i ng rw 0x00 re g d i o m a p p i n g 2 (0x41) 7 - 6 dio4mapp i ng rw 0x00 5 - 4 dio5mapp i ng rw 0x00 3 - 1 reserved rw 0x00 reserved. re t a in d e f a ult v a lue 0 ma p preamble d etect rw 0 x00 allo w s the map p ing of either rssi o r preamb l edetect to t h e di o pins , a s s u mm a r i z e d o n t ab l e 2 7 an d t a bl e 28 0 - > rssi i n t e rr u pt 1 - > preamb l edetect i n t e rrupt v e rs i o n reg i s t er r eg v ersion (0x42) 7 - 0 v e rsi o n r 0x21 v e rs i on code of t h e c h ip. b i t s 7 - 4 give t he f u ll revision n u mber; bi t s 3 - 0 g ive t h e m e t a l m a sk revisi o n numb e r . ad d i t i on a l r e gis t ers rega g c r e f (0x43) 7 - 6 u nused r - un u s e d 5 - 0 a g creferenc e level rw 0x13 se t s the f l oor ref e rence f o r all agc t h res h olds: agc refere n ce[dbm]= - 174 d bm + 10 * lo g ( 2 * rxb w ) +snr+ agcre f e rencelevel snr = 8db, fix e d v a lue r egagct h resh1 (0x44) 7 - 5 u nused r - un u s e d 4 - 0 agc s t e p1 rw 0x0e de fi n e s t h e 1s t ag c t h r e shold r egagct h resh2 (0x45) 7 - 4 agc s t e p2 rw 0x05 de fi n e s t h e 2 n d ag c t h r e shol d: 3 - 0 agc s t e p3 rw 0x0b defin e s the 3rd agc t h res h old: r egagct h resh3 (0x46) 7 - 4 agc s t e p4 rw 0x0d de fi n e s t h e 4 th ag c t hresh o l d: 3 - 0 agc s t e p5 rw 0x0b de fi n e s t h e 5 th ag c t hresh o l d: regp l lhop (0x4b) 7 f a st h opon rw 0 x00 by p asses t h e m a in s t ate mach i ne f o r a q u ick fre q uency ho p . w r i t i n g regfrf l s b will trigg e r the freq u ency c h an g e. 0 - > frf is v a lida t e d when fstx or fsrx is r e quest e d 1 - > frf is v a lida t e d tri g gered w h en re g f rflsb is written 6 - 0 reserved rw 0x2e reserved reg t cxo (0x58) 7 - 5 reserved rw 0x00 reserved. re t a in d e f a ult v a lue 4 t cxo inputon rw 0 x00 c ontrols the cry s t a l oscillator 0 - > crys t al oscillator w i th e x ter n al crys t al 1 - > ext e rnal cli p ped si n e tcxo ac - co n nected to x t a pin 3 - 0 reserved rw 0x09 reserved. re t a in d e fault value. r egpa d ac (0x5a) 7 - 3 reserved rw 0x10 reserved. re t a in d e f a ult v a lue 2 - 0 pa d a c rw 0x04 e nab l e s th e + 20 d b m o p t i o n o n p a _boos t p i n 0x04 - > d ef a ul t v a lue 0x07 - > +20 d bm on p a_boost w hen outputpower = 1111 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 102 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v ar i a b l e n a me mo d e d e fault value f s k / o o k d e scr ip t ion re g pll (0x5c) 7 - 6 pl l b a nd w i d th rw 0x03 controls the pll b a ndw i d t h : 0 0 - > 7 5 khz 1 0 - > 2 2 5 khz 0 1 - > 1 5 0 khz 1 1 - > 3 0 0 khz 5 - 0 reserved rw 0x10 reserved. re t a in d e f a ult v a lue re gpll l o w pn (0x5e) 7 - 6 pl l b a nd w i d th rw 0x03 controls the low ph a se noise pll b and w i d t h : 0 0 - > 7 5 khz 1 0 - > 2 2 5 khz 0 1 - > 1 5 0 khz 1 1 - > 3 0 0 khz 5 - 0 reserved rw 0x10 reserved. re t a in d e f a ult v a lue regformer t emp (0x6c) 7 - 0 former t e mp rw - t emperature sav e d d u ring t h e l a t e st iq (rssi and imag e ) cali b rat e d . s a m e f orm a t a s t e m p v a l u e i n reg t em p . re g b itr a t e frac (0x70) 7 - 4 u nused r 0x00 un u s e d 3 - 0 bit r atefr a c rw 0 x00 f ractio n a l p a rt of the b i t rate divid e r (only val i d for fsk) i f bit r a t efra c > 0 t h e n : b i t r a t e = --------- - ---------------- - f --- - x --- - o ---- - s -- - c - -------- -------- - ---------- - - b i t r a te ( 1 5 , 0 ) + b - - -- - i - - t - - r - - a --- - t - - e - - - f --- - r - - a --- - c - 16 t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 103 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet 13.3. lora tm mode register map t h is se c ti o n d e t ails t h e RFM92W/93w r e gi s t e r ma p p i n g a n d t h e p r e c ise c o n t e n t s o f e a ch r e g ist e r in lor a tm m o de. convention: r: read, w: write, c : set to clear and t: trigg e r . name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion reg f i fo ( 0 x00) 7 - 0 f i fo rw 0 x 00 lor a tm base - b a n d f ifo da t a in p u t / o ut p u t. f i fo i s clear ed a n not accessible w hen device is in sleep m o de c o mm o n reg i s t e r se t t i ngs regopmode ( 0 x01) 7 lo n grangemo d e rw 0 x0 0 - > fsk/ook mode 1 - > lora t m mode t hi s bi t ca n b e m o di fi e d onl y i n slee p m o de . a w r i t e oper a ti o n on o t h e r d e vic e m o de s i s ign o red. 6 - 3 un u sed r 0 x 00 2 - 0 mod e rwt 0 x01 d ev i ce m o des 0 0 0 - > sleep 0 0 1 - > stdby 0 1 0 - > fr e que n cy synthes i s tx (fstx) 0 1 1 - > t ransmit (tx) 1 0 0 - > fr e que n cy synthes i s rx (fsrx) 1 0 1 - > rece i ve c o n t inu o u s ( r xcon ti nuo u s ) 1 1 0 - > r e c e ive sin g le ( r xsi ng l e ) 11 1 - > ch a nn e l a c t i v i t y de t ec ti o n (ca d ) ( 0 x02) 7 - 0 un u sed r 0 x 00 - ( 0 x03) 7 - 0 un u sed r 0 x 00 - ( 0 x04) 7 - 0 un u sed r 0 x 00 u n used ( 0 x05) 7 - 0 un u sed r 0 x 00 u n used reg f rmsb ( 0 x06) 7 - 0 frf(23:1 6 ) rw 0 xe4 msb o f rf carri e r freq u ency regfrmid ( 0 x07) 7 - 0 frf(15:8) rw 0 xc0 msb o f rf carri e r freq u en cy regfrlsb ( 0 x08) 7 - 0 frf(7:0) rwt 0 x00 l sb of r f carrier fre q ue n cy f = --- - ( - - x --- - o ---- - s - - - c --- - ) -- - ? -- - f --- - r - - - f rf 2 19 res o lution i s 6 1 . 0 35 hz if f ( xosc) = 32 mhz. def a u lt va l ue is 0xe 4 c000 = 9 15 mhz. re g ist e r va l ues must be mo d ified o n ly when d evice is in sleep or s t and - by m o de. r e gister f o r rf t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 104 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion r e gpaco n f i g (0x09) 7 pasel e ct rw 0 x00 sel e c t s p a o u t p ut p i n 0 - > rfio pi n . o u t p ut p o wer is l imited to 13 dbm. 1 - > p a _boos t p i n . ou t p u t po w e r i s l i m i t e d t o 2 0 d bm 6 - 4 unused r - u nused 3 - 0 o u t p u t p o wer rw 0 x0f p o we r ampli f i e r ma x ou t p u t po w er: po u t = 2 + out p utpower(3: 0 ) on p a_boos t . pout = - 1 + o u tput p o wer(3:0) on rfio. regp a r amp ( 0 x 0 a) 7 - 5 unused r - u nused 4 lo w p n txpl l o f f rw 0 x 01 1 - > lo w co n s u m p t i o n pl l i s use d i n r e c e iv e an d tr ansmi t m o de 0 - > low co n sumption p l l in r e c e ive mod e , l o w p h ase n o ise pll i n tr ansmi t m o de. 3 - 0 paramp rw 0 x09 ris e /fall time of r a mp u p / d own in fsk 0 0 0 0 - > 3.4 ms 0 0 0 1 - > 2 ms 0 0 1 0 - > 1 ms 0 0 1 1 - > 5 0 0 us 0 1 0 0 - > 2 5 0 us 0 1 0 1 - > 1 2 5 us 0 1 1 0 - > 1 0 0 us 0 1 1 1 - > 6 2 us 1 0 0 0 - > 5 0 u s 1 0 0 1 - > 4 0 u s 1 0 1 0 - > 3 1 u s 1 0 1 1 - > 2 5 u s 1 1 0 0 - > 2 0 u s 1 1 0 1 - > 1 5 u s 11 1 0 - > 1 2 us 11 1 1 - > 1 0 us regocp ( 0 x 0 b 7 - 6 un u sed r 0 x 00 u n used 5 oc p o n rw 0 x01 en a bles overload curre n t protection (ocp) f o r p a: 0 - > ocp dis a bl e d 1 - > ocp e na b led 4 - 0 o cp t r i m rw 0 x0b t rimming of oc p current: i ma x = 45+5*ocp t rim [ma] if ocp t rim <= 1 5 (120 ma) / i ma x = - 3 0+10*ocp t rim [ma] i f 15 < ocp t rim <= 27 (1 3 0 to 2 4 0 ma) i ma x = 240ma f o r h igh e r settings d e f a ult i max = 10 0 ma t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 105 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion r e gl n a (0x0c) 7 - 5 l n again rwx 0x01 l n a g a in setting: 0 0 0 - > n o t used 0 0 1 - > g1 = hi g hest g a in l o w p o wer C 0 db 0 1 0 - > g2 = hi g hest g a in l o w p o wer C 6 db 0 1 1 - > g3 = highest g a in l o w p o wer C 12 db 1 0 0 - > g4 = hi g hest g a in l o w p o wer C 24 db 1 0 1 - > g5 = hi g hest g a in l o w p o wer C 36 db 1 1 0 - > g6 = highest g a in l o w p o wer C 48 db 1 1 1 - > n o t use d 4 - 2 un u sed r 0x00 u n used 1 - 0 l n aboost rw 0 x00 0 0 - > default lna current 1 1 - > b o ost o n , 1 5 0% lna current. lo r a p age r e gisters reg f i f oad d rp tr ( 0 x 0d) 7 - 0 f i f o a d drptr rw 0 x00 sp i i n t e r f ac e a ddres s po i nt e r i n fi f o d a t a b u f f e r . reg f i f o t xb a s ead dr ( 0 x 0 e ) 7 - 0 f i f o txbasea d dr rw 0 x80 write base a ddress in fifo da t a bu f f e r f o r tx mo d u l a tor regfiforxbasead dr ( 0 x 0f) 7 - 0 f i f o rxb a seaddr rw 0 x00 read b a se ad d ress i n fifo d a t a b u f fer f o r rx demodulat o r reg i rq fl ags ( 0 x10) 7 r x t im eo u t r w c 0x 0 0 t im e o u t i n t e r r u p t 6 rxdone rwc 0 x00 packet r e c eption c o m p lete interrupt 5 paylo a dcrcerror rwc 0 x00 payload crc error interrupt 4 v ali d hea d er rwc 0 x00 v al i d hea d e r r e ceive d i n r x 3 txd o ne rwc 0 x00 f i fo payl o a d t r ansmission complete interrupt 2 ca d d one rwc 0 x00 c ad c omplet e : write to cl e a r 1 f h ss c han g ech a nn e l r wc 0 x 00 f hs s ch a ng e ch a nne l i n t errupt 0 ca d d etect e d rwc 0 x00 v a l i d lora sig n al detected d u ring cad op e ration: write ?1? to clea r . regirqflagsmask ( 0 x 1 1) 7 - 0 i n t e rr u p t m a sk rw 0 x00 i n t errup t mask : s e t t i n g a b it m a sk s t h e correspo n di n g i r q o n t he re g i rq f la g s re g ist e r regfreqif m sb ( 0 x12) 7 - 6 un u sed rw n /a 5 - 0 f i f(1 3 : 8 ) rw 0 xb rec e iver if fre q uency (msb) t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 106 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion regfreqif l sb ( 0 x13) 7 - 0 f i f(7:0) rw 0 x33 rec e iver if fre q uency (lsb) f(xosc) ? f if f if = ------------------ - -------------- - - 2 19 re g ister v a lues must be mo d ified o n ly w hen d e vice is i n sleep or s t and - by mode. regsymb t im e out m sb ( 0 x14) 7 - 4 un u sed 3 im p licithe a dermodeon rw 0 x0 0 - > expl i c i t he a der mode 1 - > i m p licit header m o de 2 agcautoon rw 0 x01 0 - > lna g a in set by reg i st e r l n ag a in 1 - > lna g a in set by the int e r n al agc lo o p 1 - 0 sym b t imeo u t(9:8) rw 0 x00 rx t ime - o u t msb regsymb t im e outl sb ( 0 x15) 7 - 0 sym b t imeo u t(7:0) rw 0 x64 rx t ime - o u t lsb r x op e r a t i o n ti me - ou t v a lu e e x p r esse d a s numb e r o f sym b ols: timeou t = symb t imeou t ? ts regc fg ( 0 x16) 7 - 6 un u sed r 0 x0 - 5 - 4 reserved rw 0x0 reserved. 3 rxpayloadcrcon rw 0 x0 en a ble crc g e nerati o n on p a y l oad, in imp l icit he a der mo d e t h is it determines if receiver sho u ld exp e ct a p a yl o ad crc. 2 - 0 co d ing r ate rw 0 x2 error c o di n g r a te 0 0 1 - > 4 /5 0 1 0 - > 4 /6 0 1 1 - > 4 /7 1 0 0 - > 4 /8 al l o t h e r va l ue s - > reserved in implic i t he a der mode sh o u ld be set on rece i v e r to determi n e exp e ct e d c o di n g r a t e . se e sec t io n 7 . 3. regp a y l oa d len g th ( 0 x17) 7 - 0 paylo a dl e ngth rw 0 xe payl o ad le n g th in byt e s. regp rea m b lemsb ( 0 x18) 7 - 0 preamb l ele n gth(15:8) rw 0 x0 preamb l e length msb , = pre a m b le l eng th + 4 by t e s s e e s e cti o n 7 . 6 . 1 f o r m o re d e t a ils. regpre a m b l e l sb ( 0 x19) 7 - 0 preamb l ele n gth(7:0) rw 0 x8 preamb l e len g th l sb t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 107 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet na me (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion regmo d ula t i o nc fg ( 0 x 1 a) 7 reserved rw 0x0 reserved 6 ca d t r i gg e r r x t 0 x0 t rig g e r p acke t r x a f t e r a succ e ss f u l ch a nn e l a c t i v i t y de t ec ti on 5 - 4 bw rw 0 x0 sig n a l b a ndwi d t h : 0 0 - > 125 khz 0 1 - > 2 50 khz 1 0 - > 500 khz 1 1 - > reserved 3 - 0 s p rea d ingfact o r rw 0 x7 sf rate (expressed a s a b a se - 2 lo g a rit h m) 7 - > 128 chi p s / symbol 8 - > 256 chi p s / symbol 9 - > 512 chi p s / symbol 1 0 - > 1024 c h i p s / sym b o l 1 1 - > 2048 chi p s / s y mbol 1 2 - > 4096 c h i p s / sym b o l o t h e r val u e s r e served. r e s e rv ed ( 0 x 1 b) reserved rw 0x00 - regh o p p e riod ( 0 x 1c) 7 - 0 fr e q ho p p in g period rw 0 x0 symbol p e riods betw e en fr e que n cy h o p s. regrx n bbyt e s ( 0 x 1d) 7 - 0 f i f o rxbyt e snb r n / a n um b e r o f p a y l oad byt e s of l a t e st p a cket received regrx h ead e rinfo ( 0 x 1 e) 7 - 4 un u sed r n / a - 4 pll t im e out r n /a pll f a i l ed to l o ck w h ile a t t e mpting a tx/rx/cad op e ration 3 rxpayloadcrcena b led r n / a crc i n f o rmation extracted fr o m the rece i v e d p a cket h ea d er 2 - 0 rxpayl o adc o din g ra te r n / a co d in g r a t e i n f o rm a t i o n e x t r a c t e d fro m t h e receive d p acket h e ader regrx h ead e rcnt v a l u e ( 0 x 1f) 7 - 0 v a li d headercnt r n / a n um b e r o f val i d hea d ers r e c e ived si n c e l a st transiti o n i n to rx mode regrxpa c ketcntv alue ( 0 x20) 7 - 0 v a lidpacketcnt r 0 x0 number of valid p a cke t s received since last t r ansition into rx mode regmodem s t at ( 0 x21) 7 - 5 un u s ed r - - 4 modem s t at u s r 0 x0 mod e m cl e a r 3 r 0 x0 h e a der info val i d 2 r 0 x0 r x on - g o ing 1 r 0x0 signal synchronized 0 r 0x0 si g n a l d e te ct e d t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 108 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sheet name (ad d r e ss) bi t s v a r i a b le n am e mode r e set lor a tm d e scr ip t ion regpktsnr v al u e ( 0 x22) 7 - 0 packetsnr r n /a estimation o f snr on last p a cket r e ceived.in t w o ? s compl i m e nt f o rm a t m u t ipli e d by 4. sn r [ d b ] = p - --- - a -- - c -- - k -- - e -- - t - - s -- - n --- - r - - [ -- - t - - w - - - - o --- - s -- - c -- - o -- - m - - -- - p -- - l - i - - m ---- - e - - n - - - t -- - ] 4 regrss i v a lue ( 0 x23) 7 - 0 rssi r n /a c u rr en t r s si v a l u e (d b m) rssi [ db m ] = C 120 + rssi regpktrssi v a lue ( 0 x24) 7 - 0 packetrssi r n /a r ss i o f t h e l a t e s t p acke t r e ceive d (dbm) r s s i [ d b m ] = C 120 + pac k e t rssi regh o pch a nn e l ( 0 x25) 7 - 6 un u sed r n / a 5 - 0 f h sspr e s e n t cha n nel r n /a c u rrent v a lue of fre q ue n cy h o pping chan n el in us e . regrx d a t a addr ( 0 x26) 7 - 0 rxbu f ferptr r n/a c u rrent v a lue of rx d a t a bu f f e r po i nt e r (a d d ress of l a st byte w r i t ten by lor a tm r eceiver) regfifoprot e ct ( 0 x33) 7 - 2 un u s ed rw 0x 0 0 1 protecttxf i f o rw 0 x1 prev e n t s tx b u f f e r ov e r w r i t e 0 reserved rw 0x0 - t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 109 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 14. application information 14.1. crys t al res o nat o r s pecificati o n t able 3 9 shows the crys t al resonator s pe c ification for the cry s t a l referen c e o sc illator circuit of the RFM92W/93w . this specificati o n covers the full range of operation of t h e RFM92W/93w an d i s e m ploye d i n t he r e f e r e nc e d e si g n . t a ble 3 9 crys t al specification symbol d e s c ription c on d it i o ns min t y p m a x unit fx osc x t al f r e qu e ncy - 3 2 - m h z rs x t al serial resis t ance - 30 140 ohms c0 x t al shunt ca p a ci t ance - 2.8 7 pf cfoot ext e r n a l f o ot c a p a ci t a n c e on each p i n x t a and xtb 8 1 5 22 pf c l oad c rys t a l l oad c a p a ci t ance 6 - 1 2 p f notes - the initial frequen c y tolerance, temperature s t ability and ageing performan c e should be c hosen in ac c ordance wit h th e t ar g e t op e r a ti ng tem p er a t u r e r a n g e a n d th e r eceive r ba n dwi d t h s e lect e d . - th e l o adi n g ca p aci t a n c e sh o ul d be a p plie d e xt e rn a ll y , a n d a d a p t ed t o t he act u a l cloa d s p ecific a ti on o f th e x t al. 14.2. reset of the chip a power - on re s et of the RFM92W/93w is tri g gered at power up. additio na l l y , a manua l res et ca n b e is s ued by controlling pin 6. 1 4.2.1. por if the a p plica t io n requir e s the disconnection of vdd from the RFM92W/93w , d espit e o f t he ext r em ely l ow slee p m od e cu r r e nt, the user should wait for 10 ms from of the e n d of the por cycl e b e f o r e c o mm e ncin g co m mu n ic a ti o n s ove r t he sp i b us . pin 6 (reset ) sh o ul d b e le f t flo a ti n g d u ri ng t he po r s e qu e nce. vdd pi n 6 ( ou t p ut) u n def i n ed w ai t f o r 1 0 m s chip i s re a d y from thi s po i n t o n figure 44. por t iming di a gram ple a se n o t e th a t a n y cl k out ac t ivity c a n al s o be used to detect that the chip is read y . t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 110 RFM92W/93w wireless & s ensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 1 4.2.2. man u al reset a manual r e set of the RFM92W/93w is possible e v en for applicat i on s in w hi c h vdd c a n n ot b e p hy s ic a lly d is c o n n e c t e d . pin 6 s h oul d be p ulle d hi g h fo r a hu n d r e d micr o s ec on d s , an d th en r el e a s ed. the user sho u ld then wait for 5 ms befo r e using the chip. vdd pi n 6 high - z > 10 0 us ?? 1 ?? w ai t f o r 5 ms high - z chip i s re a d y from thi s po i n t o n ( i nput) figure 4 5 . m a nual r e set t i mi n g diagr a m note whilst pin 6 is driven high, an over current con s umption of up to ten milliampere can be seen on vdd. 14.3. t op sequencer: listen mode examples in this s cenario, the c ircuit sp e nds most of the time in idle m ode, during which only the rc o scillator is on. periodi c ally the r eceiv er w a ke s up an d l o ok s fo r i n c o min g sig n al . i f a w a nte d sig n a l i s d e t e cte d, th e r eceive r i s k e p t on a nd da t a a r e a n al yze d. ot h e r wis e, i f t h e re wa s n o wa n t ed sig n a l fo r a defin ed period of time, the r e ceiver is switched o f f until the n e xt r e c e ive p e ri od . du r ing l is t en mo d e , t he r ad io s t a y s mo st of t h e ti m e in a lo w p o w e r m od e, r e s u lti n g in ve r y l o w a v e r a g e p o w e r c o nsum p ti o n . t h e g en e r al timi ng dia g r am o f this s c enario is given in figure 46. l i s t e n m o d e : p r i n c i p l e receive idle ( sl e ep + rc ) rece i ve idle f igure 4 6. listen mo d e: principle a n i n ter r u pt r eq u es t i s ge n e r ate d on a p a ck et r e c eptio n. t he use r c an t h e n t a k e a p p r o pri ate acti o n . depending on the applicati o n and e n vironme n t, the r e a r e s e v e r a l w a ys to i m pl em e n t lis t en mo d e : ? w a k e on a preambledetect i n t e r r u pt ? w a k e on a sy nc a d d r es s i n t e r r upt ? w a k e on a paylo a drea d y i n t e r r u pt 1 4.3.1. w ake on pre a mble i n terru p t in o n e p o s si b le sc e n a ri o , t h e s e q u e n c e r p o lls f o r a pr e a mb le d e tection. if a pre a mble sign a l i s det e cte d, th e seq u e n c er is switc h e d o f f an d th e c i rcui t s t ay s i n r e c e iv e m o d e unti l th e us er switches modes. otherwise, t h e re c ei v er is s wit c hed o f f u nti l t he n e x t r x p e rio d. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 111 RFM92W/93w t ime r 2 wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 14.3.1.1. timing diagram w h e n no sig n a l i s r eceive d , t he circu i t wak es e v e r y t i me r1 + t i me r2 a n d switc h e s t o receiv e mo de fo r a tim e d e fi n e d by t imer 2 , as shown on the following d i agram. if no pre a mble is d e t e ct ed , it t h e n swi t c h es b a ck to i d le mo d e , i . e. sle e p m o d e with rc o s cillator on. n o r e c e i ve d s i g n a l receive idle ( sl e ep + r c ) rece i ve idle ti mer1 ti mer2 ti mer1 t i me r2 ti m er1 figure 4 7. listen mo d e with no pr e amble rec e iv e d if a preamble sign a l is detecte d , the sequencer is switched o f f. the preambledetect sign a l can be mapped to dio4, in o r d e r to request t he u s e r ' s attention. t h e use r c an the n t a k e ap p r o p r iat e acti o n . r e c e i v e d s i g n a l prea m ble ( as long as t 1 + 2 * t2 ) sync word payload crc i d le ( sleep + r c ) rec e ive time r 1 timer2 p r ea m b l e detect fig u re 48. listen mode with preamble received 1 4 .3.1.2. sequencer configu r ation t h e foll o wi ng g r ap h s h ow s li ste n m od e - w ak e o n p r ea m bled e t e c t s t a t e ma c h in e : t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 112 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et st a t e m a c h i n e se q uen c er off & ini t ial mode = sleep or s t a ndby s t a r t bit s e t idl e m o de = 1 : sleep l o wp o wer lowpowerselection = 1 st a r t f r o m s t art = 00 selection i d l e on t1 f r o m idle = 1 on t2 receive on p r eamb l e d ete c t from r eceive = 110 seq u encer off fig u re 49. w ake on preambledet e c t s t ate mac h ine t h is example configu r a t ion is achieved as follows: t a ble 4 0 listen mode wi t h preambledet e c t con d iti o n setti n gs v a r i ab le effect i d lem o de 1: s l e e p mode f r o m st a rt 0 0: t o l o wp o w ers e l e cti on l o wpowerse l e ction 1 : to i d le state f r o m i d le 1 : t o re c e ive s t a t e on t1 i n t e rr u p t f r o m r e c e ive 1 1 0 : to s e q u e n ce r of f o n prea m b ledetect i n t e rr u pt t t ime r2 d efin es t he maximu m d u r a ti on t he chi p s t ay s i n receiv e mo de as lo ng as n o pr e am b l e i s d etected . i n o r d er to o p ti m ize p o w er c o n s u mp ti o n, t im e r2 mu st be s e t ju s t l o ng en o u gh f or p r e am b le d e t e c ti o n. t t ime r1 + t t i mer 2 defines the c ycling period, i.e. time between two p r eamble polling s t ar t s. in order to optimi z e average p o w e r c o n s um p t io n , t i m e r 1 s h o u ld be re l a ti v ely long. h o w eve r , increasing t imer1 al s o e xt e nd s p a ck et r eceptio n du r atio n . in o r d e r t o ins ur e p ac k et d e t e c t ion a nd o p ti m ize t h e r e c e i v er's power consumption, the r e ceived p a cket preamble sho u ld be as long as t t i mer 1 + 2 x t t im e r2 . a n ex am ple o f di o config u r a ti on fo r thi s mo de i s d esc ri b ed i n t he followi n g t abl e : t a ble 4 1 listen mode wi t h preambledet e c t con d iti o n recomm e nded dio m a ppi n g dio value d e scr ip t ion 0 0 1 c r c ok 1 0 0 f ifo l evel 3 0 0 f if o em p ty 4 1 1 p r e amble d etect C not e : m a ppreamb l ede t ec t bi t s h oul d b e s e t. 1 4.3.2. w ake on s y ncaddress i nterr u pt t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 113 RFM92W/93w wireless & se nsing prelimina r y d at a sh e et i n a n othe r p ossi b l e sce n ari o, t he s e qu e nce r p o ll s f or a p r ea m bl e detectio n a nd th en fo r a v a li d syncaddress i n t e r r u p t . if ev en t s occu r , t he seq u enc er i s switc h e d o f f a n d th e ci rc u i t s t a y s in recei v e mode un t il the user s wit c h es modes. otherwi s e, the receiver is s w itc h ed o f f u ntil t h e n e xt rx p e ri od . 14.3.2.1. timing diagram m os t of th e se q ue n c er r un n in g tim e i s s p e nt whil e no w a n t e d sig n a l i s r eceive d . a s s h ow n b y t he ti mi n g di ag r a m in fi gu re 5 0, th e ci r c uit wake s p e ri o dicall y f or a sho rt tim e, d efine d by rx t i m e o u t . th e cir c uit is i n a l ow powe r mo de fo r the r es t of t i me r1 + t i me r2 (i.e . t im er 1 + t im er 2 - t r x t ime o ut) n o w a n t e d s i g n a l idle receive idle ( sl e ep + rc ) rece i ve idle ti m er1 timer2 timer1 ti m e r2 timer1 rxtimeout rxtimeout f igure 50. l ist e n m o de with no sy n c address det e cted i f a p r e a mbl e i s d etect ed b e for e rx t i m e ou t time r en d s , th e ci r c uit s t ay s i n receiv e m od e an d w a i t s fo r a valid syncaddress detection. if none is d e tected by th e end of t imer2, receive mode is deact iv ated and the polling c y cle r e sum e s, witho u t a n y u s er intervention. un w a n t e d s i g n a l p r eamble ( p r ea m b l e + sync = t2 ) wrong word payload crc idle receive idle rece i ve idle ti m er1 rxti m eout timer2 timer1 rxtimeout ti m er2 timer1 prea m ble dete c t figure 5 1 . listen mode with preamble received and no syncaddress but if a valid sync w ord is detected, a syncaddress inter r u p t is fired, the sequencer is switched o f f and the cir c uit s t ays in r e c e iv e m od e a s l o n g as th e us er d o esn' t switc h m od e s. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 114 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et w a n t e d s i g n a l p r eamble ( prea m ble + sync = t2 ) sync word payload crc idle recei v e ti m er1 r x ti m eo u t timer2 prea m ble d e t ect sync add r ess fifo level fig u re 52. listen mode wi t h preamble received & v alid sy n c address 1 4 .3.2.2. sequencer configu r ation t h e foll o wi ng g r ap h s h ow s li ste n m od e - w ak e o n syncad d res s s t a t e m achi n e: st a t e m a c h i n e sequen c e r o f f & i n i t i a l m ode = s l eep or standby start b i t se t i d l emode = 1 : sle e p start fromsta r t = 00 lowpow e r lowpowerselec t i on = 1 se l e c t io n idle o n t1 f r o m idle = 1 from r xt i meout = 10 r x t i m e o u t on t2 on r x ti m eo u t r e c e i ve on syncadress f r om r ec e i ve = 101 se q ue n c e r off fig u re 53. w ake on syncaddress s t ate mac h ine t h is example configu r a t ion is achieved as follows: t a ble 4 2 listen mode wi t h syncaddress con d iti o n setti n gs v a r i ab le effect i d lem o de 1: s l e e p mode f r o m st a rt 0 0: t o l o wp o w ers e l e cti on t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 115 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et l o wpowerse l e ction 1 : to i d le state f r o m i d le 1 : t o re c e ive s t a t e on t1 i n t e rr u pt f r o m r e c e ive 1 0 1 : to s e q u e n ce r off o n syncaddress i n t e rrupt f r o m rx t im e o u t 1 0: t o l o wp o w ers e l e cti on t t i me o u trx p reamble s ho u l d b e se t t o j u s t lo ng e n ou gh t o c a tc h a p re a mbl e (d e p e nd s o n preambled e t e c tsize an d b itr a te ). t t ime r1 s h o u l d b e se t t o 64 s ( s h o r t est p o ssi b l e du r atio n ) . t t ime r2 is set so that t t i mer 1 + t t ime r2 defines the time bet w een two s t art of reception. i n o r de r t o i n s u r e p ack et d e t e ctio n a nd o ptimiz e th e r e ceive r p o w er co ns um p ti o n , th e rec e iv ed p acke t pr e am b l e sh o ul d be d efin ed s o t h a t t preamble = t t im e r 2 - t syncaddress with t sync a d dress = ( syncsize + 1 ) *8 / bitrat e . a n ex am ple o f di o config u r a ti on fo r thi s mo de i s d esc ri b ed i n t he followi n g t abl e : t a ble 4 3 listen mode wi t h preambledet e c t con d iti o n recomm e nded dio m a ppi n g dio value d e scr ip t ion 0 0 1 c r c ok 1 0 0 f ifo l evel 2 1 1 s ync a ddress 3 0 0 f if o em p ty 4 1 1 p r e amble d etect C not e : m a ppreamb l ede t ec t bi t s h oul d b e s e t. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 116 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 14.4. t op sequencer: beac o n mode in this mode, a repeti t ive me s sage is tra n smitted perio d icall y . if the payload b e ing sent is always identical, a n d p a yl o a d le n gt h i s s m alle r t h a n th e f i fo siz e, th e us e o f t he b e a c o n on bit in regp a c ketconfig2 tog e t h e r wit h the sequencer permit to a c hieve perio d ic b e a c on without any user i n terve n tion. 1 4.4.1. t im i ng diagram in this mode, the radio is switched to t r a n smit mode every t t i mer 1 + t t i mer 2 and b a ck to idle mode a f ter packetsen t , as s h ow n i n th e dia g r am b e lo w . t he se q u e nce r insu r e s mi ni ma l time is spe n t in t r a n smit mode, and therefore p o wer consump t ion is o p timized. be ac o n m o d e idle trans m it idle ( sl e ep + rc ) t r ansmit idle ti m er1 timer2 tim e r2 timer1 timer1 pac k et sent packet sent figure 5 4 . beacon mode t iming diagram 1 4.4.2. sequenc e r co n figuration t h e be a c on mo de s t a t e m achin e i s p r esente d i n th e foll o win g g r aph. it is n o ticeable that the seq u e n cer enters an infin ite l o o p a n d ca n o nl y be st o pp ed b y s e tti ng seq u enc e r s t o p bit in regseqc o n fig 1 . st a t e m a c h i n e sequen c er o ff & i nit i al m o d e = sleep or standby s t a rt bit set id l e m ode = 1 : sleep start f romsta r t = 00 l o wp o wer select i o n lowpowerselec t i o n = 1 idle on t1 fromid l e = 0 on pa c k etsent fromtransmit = 0 tran s m i t fi g ure 55. beacon m o de s t ate machine t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 117 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et t hi s ex am ple i s ac hi eve d b y p r o g ra m min g th e s e q u ence r a s f o llows: t a ble 4 4 beac o n mo d e settings v a r i ab le effect i d lem o de 1: s l e e p mode f r o m st a rt 0 0: t o l o wp o w ers e l e cti on l o wpowerse l e ction 1 : to i d le state f r o m i d le 0 : t o t ra n sm it s t a te o n t 1 i nt e rrupt f r o m tr an smit 0 : t o l o wp o w er s e l e c t ion o n packetsent i n t e rr up t t t ime r1 + t t i mer 2 d e f i n e th e tim e b etw e e n th e s t a rt of tw o t r a n smissio n s. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 118 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 14.5. example crc calculation the follo w ing routine(s) may be implemented to mimic the crc calculation of the RFM92W/93w : figure 56. example crc code t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 119 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d at a sh e et 14.6. example t emperature reading t h e foll o wi ng r o utin e (s ) m ay b e impl e me n t ed t o r e ad t he tem p e r atu re an d c a libr a t e t he s e nso r: figure 5 7. ex a m ple t empe rature readi n g t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 120 RFM92W/93w wireless & sensing prelimina r y d a t asheet 14 . 7 . reference desi g n ple a se con t act your represen t a tive for e v aluation tools, r e fer e n c e desig n s and d e sign assis t ance. note that all schematics sho w n in this sec t ion are f u ll s chematics, list ing all r e q uir ed com p on e n t s , i n cl u di ng deco u pli n g c a p a cit o rs. a figure 41: + 20dbm s c hema t ic t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 121 RFM92W/93w a 15. packaging information 15.1. package outli n e drawing t h e RFM92W/93w i s avai l abl e i n a p ackage as shown in fig u re 58. figure 58. pack a ge outline drawing unit:mm t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 122 RFM92W/93w 15.2. ordering informat ion d RFM92W/93w p/n: rfm92 w - 868 s2 rfm 92 w module at 868 mhz band, smd package p/n: rfm 92 w - 915 s2 rfm 92 w module at 9 mhz band, smd package p/n: rfm 93 w - 868s2 rfm 93 w module at 868 mhz band, smd package p/n: rfm 93 w - 915s2 rfm 93 w module at 915 mhz band, smd package package operation band mode type t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///
p a ge 123 RFM92W/93w hope microelectronics co.,ltd add: 2/f, building 3, pingshan private enterprise scien ce and technology park, lishan road, xili town, nanshan district, shenzhen, guangdong, china tel: 86 - 755 - 82973805 fax: 86 - 755 - 82973550 email: sales@hoperf.com website: h ttp://www.hoperf.com http://www.hoperf.cn this document may contain preliminary information and is subject to change by hope microelectronics without notice. hope microelectronics assumes no responsibility or liability for any use of the information contained herein. nothing in this document shall operate as an express or implied license or indemnity under the intellectual property rights of hope microelectronics or third parties. the products described in t his document are not intended for use in implantation or other direct life support applications where malfunction may result in the direct physical harm or injury to persons. no warranties of any kind, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of mechantability or fitness for a articular purpose, are offered in this document. ?2006, hope microelectronics co.,ltd. all rights reserved. t e l: +86 - 7 55 - 8 2973805 f ax: +86 - 755 - 8 29 7 3550 e - mail: sales@hope r f . c o m h t tp://ww w . hope r f . com free datasheet http:///

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